53416-07-2Relevant articles and documents
Conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its derivatives promoted by inorganic salt in alcohol
Liu, Jitian,Tang, Yu,Wu, Kaigui,Bi, Caifeng,Cui, Qiu
experimental part, p. 20 - 24 (2012/03/22)
The conversion of d-fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) on a 1 mmol scale was achieved in good yield (68%) using NH4Cl as catalyst in isopropanol at 120 °C. About 3% of 5-i-propoxymethylfurfural was formed. The reaction in ethanol at 100 °C on a 10 g scale gave a total yield of HMF and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural of 42%. No mineral acid such as H2SO 4 and HCl are required.
FORMATION AND EQUILIBRATION OF D-FRUCTOSIDES AND 2-THIO-D-FRUCTOSIDES IN ACIDIFIED DIMETHYL SULFOXYDE: SYNTHETIC AND MECHANISTIC ASPECTS
Moody, Wayne,Richards, Geoffrey N.
, p. 201 - 214 (2007/10/02)
A kinetic study of the reaction of ketoses and ketosides under catalysis with very dilute acid to produce the ketosyl carbonium ion is reported, and the subsequent reaction of this ion with alcohol and thiol nucleophiles has been studied.The relative reactivity of D-fructoses and 2-thio-fructosides is discussed, and some tentative conclusions have been reached on the mechanism of their furanoside-pyranoside equilibration.The change in ring size in such systems probably proceeds via an anhydro-D-fructose intermediate, rather than an acyclic intermediate.The synthetic applications of the system have been explored, and it has been shown that both D-fructosides and 2-thio-D-fructosides may be synthesized in good yield.The D-fructofuranosides are best obtained from sucrose as the starting material, whereas the pyranosides are obtained from any readily available D-fructopyranoside (e.g., methyl β) by use of the desired alcohol or thiol, only the β anomers being obtained.Three new 2-thio-D-fructosides are reported.