535-94-4Relevant articles and documents
Ru/P-containing porous biochar-efficiently catalyzed cascade conversion of cellulose to sorbitol in water under medium-pressure H2 atmosphere
Chen, Shuainan,Fu, Zaihui,Jiang, Dabo,Liu, Yachun,Mao, Feng,Wan, Feifei,Xiong, Manman,Yang, Long,Zhang, Chao,Zhang, Qiao
supporting information, p. 1026 - 1035 (2020/09/22)
This paper discloses a simple and productive strategy for the preparation of biochar-based bifunctional catalysts. In this strategy, very cheap bamboo powder is thermally carbonized to yield P-containing porous biochars (PBCs) by the activation of concentrated phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and the latter can be transformed into the target catalysts via loading Ru nanometer particles (NPs) on them (marked as Ru/PBCs). A series of characterizations and measurements support that PBCs have stable and rich micro-meso pores and small strong acidic protons (0.100.28 mmol￠g11) attributable to the grafted and/or skeleton phosphorus groups, as well as a strong affinity to β-1,4-glycosidic bonds, thus exhibiting a good acid catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. More importantly, they are excellent acidic supports for the loading of Ru NPs owing to high BET surface area, which can give the loaded Ru NPs uniform and narrow distribution (16 nm). The resulting bifunctional Ru/PBCs catalysts possess excellent hydrolytic hydrogenating activity for the one-pot cascade conversion of cellulose and the optimized conditions can achieve ca. 89% hexitol yield with 98% sorbitol selectivity under relatively mild conditions. This work provides a good example for the preparation of biomass-derived bifunctional catalysts and their applications in biorefinery.
A One-Step Synthesis of C6 Sugar Alcohols from Levoglucosan and Disaccharides Using a Ru/CMK-3 Catalyst
Yin, Wang,Tang, Zhenchen,Venderbosch, Robertus Hendrikus,Zhang, Zheng,Cannilla, Catia,Bonura, Giuseppe,Frusteri, Francesco,Heeres, Hero Jan
, p. 4411 - 4422 (2016/07/12)
Sorbitol is an important commercially available chemical with a broad application range and is typically made by the catalytic hydrogenation of glucose. Here we report a high-yield synthesis of sorbitol from levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose) and cellobiose, two sugars present in pyrolysis liquids, using a mesoporous carbon-supported Ru catalyst (Ru/CMK-3). The hydrogenation reactions were performed in a batch autoclave setup under a hydrogen pressure of 50 bar and temperatures ranging from 120 to 180 °C in water. The hydrogenation of levoglucosan gave essentially quantitative yields of sugar alcohols, composed of 96.2 wt % of sorbitol and 3.8 wt % of mannitol (180 °C, 5 h). Ru/CMK-3 shows superior catalytic performance compared to a commercial Ru/C catalyst. A reaction pathway involving glucose as an intermediate and subsequent (hydrogenolysis) reactions of the desired sorbitol is proposed. Reactions with glucose and sorbitol were performed to define the reaction pathways and to highlight the differences between Ru/C and Ru/CMK-3. Disaccharides including cellobiose and sucrose were also tested, yielding up to 95 wt % of C6 sugar alcohols at 180 °C in 5 h for both substrates. Detailed catalyst characterization studies (N2 physisorption, TEM, XRD, NH3-TPD, H2-TPD) revealed that Ru/CMK-3 contains considerable amounts of strong acid sites (NH3-TPD). Catalyst stability was tested by catalyst recycling experiments using levoglucosan in batch. After three successive runs, the rate of the hydrolysis reaction of LG to glucose was about constant, though the subsequent hydrogenation reaction to sorbitol/mannitol was slightly retarded as evidenced from a slight increase in the remaining amounts of glucose at the end of reaction.
Conversion of cellobiose into sorbitol in neutral water medium over carbon nanotube-supported ruthenium catalysts
Deng, Weiping,Liu, Mi,Tan, Xuesong,Zhang, Qinghong,Wang, Ye
body text, p. 22 - 32 (2010/06/13)
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported ruthenium catalysts were studied for the hydrogenation of cellobiose in neutral water medium. The acidity of catalysts and the size of Ru particles played key roles in the conversion of cellobiose to sorbitol. A higher concentration of nitric acid used for CNT pretreatment provided a better sorbitol yield, suggesting an important role of catalyst acidity. The catalysts with larger mean sizes of Ru particles and abundant acidic sites exhibited better sorbitol yields, while those with smaller Ru particles and less acidic sites favored the formation of 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucitol. We elucidated that cellobiose was first converted to 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucitol via the hydrogenolysis, and then sorbitol was formed through the cleavage of β-1,4-glycosidic bond in 3-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucitol over the catalysts. The catalyst with smaller Ru particles favored the first step but was disadvantageous to the second step due to the less acidity. Smaller Ru particles also accelerated the degradation of sorbitol.
