5649-49-0Relevant articles and documents
Optimization of Cyclic Plasmin Inhibitors: From Benzamidines to Benzylamines
Hinkes, Stefan,Wuttke, André,Saupe, Sebastian M.,Ivanova, Teodora,Wagner, Sebastian,Kn?rlein, Anna,Heine, Andreas,Klebe, Gerhard,Steinmetzer, Torsten
, p. 6370 - 6386 (2016/07/26)
New macrocyclic plasmin inhibitors based on our previously optimized P2-P3 core segment have been developed. In the first series, the P4 residue was modified, whereas the 4-amidinobenzylamide in P1 position was maintained. The originally used P4 benzylsulfonyl residue could be replaced by various sulfonyl- or urethane-like protecting groups. In the second series, the P1 benzamidine was modified and a strong potency and excellent selectivity was retained by incorporation of p-xylenediamine. Several analogues inhibit plasmin in the subnanomolar range, and their potency against related trypsin-like serine proteases including trypsin itself could be further reduced. Selected derivatives have been tested in a plasma fibrinolysis assay and are more effective than the reference inhibitor aprotinin. The crystal structure of one inhibitor was determined in complex with trypsin. The binding mode reveals a sterical clash of the inhibitor's linker segment with the 99-hairpin loop of trypsin, which is absent in plasmin.
Development of new cyclic plasmin inhibitors with excellent potency and selectivity
Saupe, Sebastian M.,Leubner, Stephanie,Betz, Michael,Klebe, Gerhard,Steinmetzer, Torsten
, p. 820 - 831 (2013/03/28)
The trypsin-like serine protease plasmin is a target for the development of antifibrinolytic drugs for use in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass or organ transplantations to reduce excessive blood loss. The optimization of our recently described substrate-analogue plasmin inhibitors, which were cyclized between their P3 and P2 side chains, provided a new series with improved efficacy and excellent selectivity. The most potent inhibitor 8 binds to plasmin with an inhibition constant of 0.2 nM, whereas Ki values >1 μM were determined for nearly all other tested trypsin-like serine proteases, with the exception of trypsin, which is also inhibited in the nanomolar range. Docking studies revealed a potential binding mode in the widely open active site of plasmin that explains the strong potency and selectivity profile of these inhibitors. The dialkylated piperazine-linker segment contributes to an excellent solubility of all analogues. Based on their overall profile the presented inhibitors are well suited for further development as injectable antifibrinolytic drugs.