573-55-7Relevant articles and documents
Synthesis of 2,5- and 2,6-dinitrofluorobenzenes and related hydroquinones
Behrman,Chen, Ssuhen
, p. 422 - 425 (2007/10/03)
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MICELLAR CATALYSIS OF ORGANIC REACTIONS. PART 36. NUCLEOPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN HYDROXY FUNCTIONALIZED MICELLES WITH BULKY HEAD GROUPS
Broxton, Trevor J.,Lucas, Mathew
, p. 442 - 447 (2007/10/02)
The reaction of several nitro activated aromatic halides with hydroxide ions was studied in the presence of hydroxy functionalized micelles containing bulky head groups, e.g.C16H33N+R2CH2CH2OH Br-, where R = Me, Et, Bu.In a biphasic reaction, the aryl halide is first converted into an aryl micellar ether which subsequently reacts with hydroxide ions to form the phenolic product.Despite the increased nucleophilicity of hydroxide ions as water is squeezed away from the micelle surface by the bulky head groups, no direct reaction of the aromatic substrate with hydroxide ion is detectable.In the second phase of reaction, the breakdown of the aryl micellar ether to form the phenolic product, the order of reactivity in the different micelles is dependent on the steric interactions between substituents ortho to the reaction centre and the head group of the micelle.For compounds having one substituent ortho to the reaction centre, the order of reactivity is Bu > Me > Et, whereas for 2-chloro-1,3-dinitrobenzene, which has two substituents ortho to the reaction centre, the order is Me > Et > Bu.
Derivatives of 4,6 dioxopyrido[3,2-g]quinoline 2,8 dicarboxylic acid
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, (2008/06/13)
Novel chemical compounds of the formula: SPC1 Wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl from one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, phenyl, alkali metal, or an amine cation; X and Y can be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of from one to six carbon atoms, inclusive, cycloalkyl of 5 or 6 carbon atoms, inclusive, phenyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy having from one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, halogen, trifluoromethyl, cyano, carboxyamide and O C-OQ, EQU1 where Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl from one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, alkali metal, and an amine cation, with the proviso that where R is hydrogen, alkali metal or an amine cation, then Q is the same as R, and where R is phenyl or alkyl from one to three carbon atoms, then Q is phenyl or alkyl from one to three carbon atoms; and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl from one to three carbon atoms, inclusive, and phenyl. The compounds are formulated with pharmaceutical carriers for oral or parenteral administration, with insufflation being the preferred method. The compositions are useful in the prophylactic treatment of sensitized humans and mammals for allergy and all anaphylactic reactions of a reagin or non-reagin mediated nature.