6795-23-9

Basic information

• Product Name: AFLATOXIN M1
• Synonyms: AF M1;AF M1;Aflatoxin M1;4-Hydroxyaflatoxin B1;38546, AFLATOXIN M STANDARD SOLUTIO;aflatoxin m1 solution;aflatoxin m1solution;ALFATOXINM1;Aflatoxin M1 standard solution;2,3,6aα,9aα-Tetrahydro-9a-hydroxy-4-methoxycyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h][1]benzopyran-1,11-dione
• CAS NO: 6795-23-9
• Molecular Formula: C₁₇H₁₂O₇
• Molecular Weight: 328.27
• EINECS: 229-865-4
• Product Categories: Biotoxins;Mycotoxins;Single component solutions;A;AA to ALBiotoxins;Alphabetic;Cancer Research;CarcinogensCell Signaling and Neuroscience;Mold;Toxins and Venoms;Chiral Reagents;Heterocycles;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Metabolites & Impurities;Pharmaceuticals;mycosol;antibiotic
• Mol File: 6795-23-9.mol
• Article Data: 2

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 299℃
• Boiling Point: 386.03°C (rough estimate)
• Flash Point: 11 °C
• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.3358 (rough estimate)
• Vapor Pressure: 1.76E-17mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.4790 (estimate)
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• PKA: 10.76±0.20(Predicted)
• BRN: 1630643
• CAS DataBase Reference: AFLATOXIN M1(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: AFLATOXIN M1(6795-23-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: AFLATOXIN M1(6795-23-9)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T+,T,F,Xn
• Statements: 26/27/28-40-39/23/24/25-23/25-23/24/25-11-36-20/21/22-45
• Safety Statements: 53-22-36/37/39-45-24-16-7-36-26-36/37-28
• RIDADR: UN 3462 6.1/PG 1
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: GY1880000
• F: 10-23
• HazardClass: 6.1(a)
• PackingGroup: I
• Hazardous Substances Data: 6795-23-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Aflatoxin M1 is a secondary metabolite of Aflatoxin B1, produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. It is a member of the aflatoxin class, characterized by the replacement of the hydrogen at position 9a with a hydroxy group. Aflatoxin M1 is a solid with colorless to pale yellow crystals and is practically insoluble in water. It is found in milk as a secondary metabolite of Aflatoxin B1 formed in moldy forages. Aflatoxin M1 is known to be carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, and immunosuppressive in both animals and humans.

Uses

Aflatoxin M1 does not have any direct applications due to its harmful effects. However, it is important to monitor and control its presence in food products to ensure safety and prevent health issues. The detection and analysis of Aflatoxin M1 can be used in the following industries:
Used in Food Industry:
Aflatoxin M1 is used as a contaminant indicator for assessing the safety and quality of milk and dairy products. Its presence in these products can be a result of moldy forages consumed by animals, leading to the formation of Aflatoxin M1 in their milk.
Used in Agricultural Industry:
Aflatoxin M1 is used as a biomarker for monitoring the presence of Aspergillus flavus in crops such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. Controlling the growth of this fungus and reducing the contamination of crops with aflatoxins, including Aflatoxin M1, is crucial for ensuring the safety of food products and protecting public health.
Used in Regulatory and Quality Control:
Aflatoxin M1 is used as a parameter for setting regulatory limits and guidelines for the maximum allowable levels of this contaminant in food products. This helps in maintaining food safety standards and protecting consumers from the harmful effects of Aflatoxin M1 exposure.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also various aflatoxins.

Potential Exposure

Aflatoxins are a group of toxic metabolites produced by certain types of fungi. Aflatoxins are not commercially manufactured; they are naturally occurring contaminants that are formed by fungi on food during conditions of high temperatures and high humidity. Most human exposure to aflatoxins occurs through ingestion of contaminated food. The estimated amount of aflatoxins that Americans consume daily is estimated to be 0.15 0.50 μg. Grains, peanuts, tree nuts, and cottonseed meal are among the more common foods on which these fungi grow. Meat, eggs, milk, and other edible products from animals that consume aflatoxincontaminated feed may also contain aflatoxins. Aflatoxins can also be breathed in

Shipping

UN3172 Toxins, extracted from living sources, solid or liquid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Incompatibilities

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.

Waste Disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Use of oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide or 5% sodium hypochlorite bleach. Acids and bases may also be used.

InChI:InChI=1/C17H12O7/c1-21-9-6-10-13(17(20)4-5-22-16(17)23-10)14-12(9)7-2-3-8(18)11(7)15(19)24-14/h4-6,16,20H,2-3H2,1H3

Upstream product

• 1162-65-8 aflatoxin B₁ 
• 30694-05-4 ethyl 2-bromo-5-oxocyclopent-1-enecarboxylate 
• 30627-28-2 3a,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3a,8a-dihydrofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran 
• 78596-83-5 3a-acetoxy-4-(benzyloxy)-6-methoxy-3a,8a-dihydrofuro<2,3-b>benzofuran 

Relevant articles and documents

Interaction of aflatoxin B1 with cytochrome P450 2A5 and its mutants: correlation with metabolic activation and toxicity.

Among members of the mouse cytochrome P450 2A family, P450 2A5 is the best catalyst of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) oxidation to its 8,9-epoxide (Pelkonen, P., Lang, M., Wild, C. P., Negishi, M., and Juvonen, R. O. (1994) Eur. J. Pharmacol., Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. Sect. 292, 67-73). Here we studied the role of amino acid residues 209 and 365 of the P450 2A5 in the metabolism and toxicity of AFB1 using recombinant yeasts. The two sites have previously been shown to be essential in the interaction of coumarin and steroids with the P450 2A5. Reducing the size of the amino acid at position 209 or introducing a negatively charged residue at this site increased the 8,9-epoxidation of AFB1 compared to the wild type. In addition, replacing the hydrophobic amino acid at the 365 position with a positively charged lysine residue strongly decreased the metabolism of AFB1. These mutations changed the KM values generally less than the Vmax values. The changes in AFB1 metabolism contrast with the changes in coumarin 7-hydroxylation caused by these amino acid substitutions, since reducing the size of the 209 residue strongly reduced coumarin metabolism and increased the K(M) values. On the other hand, the results with AFB1 are similar to those obtained with steroid hydroxylation. This suggests that the size of the substrate is important when interacting with the residue 209 of the protein. The catalytic parameters of AFB1 correlated generally with its toxicity to the recombinant yeasts expressing the activating enzyme and with the binding of AFB1 to yeast DNA. Furthermore high affinity substrates and inhibitors (e.g., methoxsalen, metyrapone, coumarin 311, 7-methylcoumarin, coumarin, and pilocarpine) of P450 2A5 could efficiently block the toxicity of AFB1. It is suggested that the recombinant yeasts expressing engineered P450 enzymes are a useful model to understand the substrate protein interactions, to study the relationship of metabolic parameters to toxicity, and to test potential inhibitors of metabolism based toxicity.