7757-93-9 Usage
Description
Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic, also known as Dicalcium Phosphate, is a naturally occurring mineral monetite found in various forms, including anhydrous and dihydrate. It is a white, odorless, tasteless powder or crystalline solid with triclinic crystal structure. Dibasic Calcium Phosphate is stable in air, practically insoluble in water, but readily soluble in dilute hydrochloric and nitric acids. It is produced by the reaction of phosphoric acid, calcium chloride, and sodium hydroxide, with calcium carbonate as an alternative to calcium chloride and sodium hydroxide. Generally regarded as relatively nontoxic and nonirritant, it is widely used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and manufacturing.
Uses
Used in Food Industry:
Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic is used as a leavening agent, dough conditioner, nutrient, dietary supplement, and yeast food in the food industry. It helps improve the texture and quality of baked goods and other food products.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic is used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry, promoting feed digestion, weight gain, laying rate, milk production, and curing diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia, and anemia. It also serves as a replenisher (calcium) and a pharmaceutic aid (tablet base) in the production of oral pharmaceutical products.
Used in Dental Products:
In the dental industry, Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic is utilized in several dental products, such as toothpaste and mouthwashes, for its beneficial effects on oral health.
Used in Agriculture:
Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic is used as a supplement to animal feed, providing essential nutrients and improving overall health and productivity.
Used in Manufacturing:
Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic is used in the production of fertilizers, plastics, and glass, thanks to its versatile chemical properties and stability.
Physical Properties:
Dibasic Calcium Phosphate is a white triclinic crystal with a density of 2.92 g/cm3 (anhydrous) and 2.31 g/cm3 (dihydrate). It has a hardness of 3.5 Mohs, decomposes on heating, and is insoluble in water and alcohol. Its solubility product constant (KSP) is 2.7x10^-7.
Chemical Properties:
Anhydrous Dibasic Calcium Phosphate occurs as a white, odorless, tasteless powder or crystalline solid. It is stable in air and practically insoluble in water but readily soluble in dilute hydrochloric and nitric acids. It is insoluble in alcohol.
Brand Names:
CalStar (FMC) and D.C.P. (Parke-Davis) are some of the brand names associated with Dibasic Calcium Phosphate.
Preparation
Dibasic calcium hydrogen phosphate may be prepared by several methods.
It is precipitated by mixing solutions of calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phospate:
CaCl2 + Na2HPO4 → CaHPO4 + 2NaCl
It also is prepared by treating phosphoric acid with lime water (suspension of calcium hydroxide in water). Also, it is obtained as a by-product in the preparation of hydroxypatite. The preparation involves the reaction of phosphoric acid with calcium phosphate.
H3PO4 + Ca3(PO4)2 → 3CaHPO4
Production Methods
Calcium phosphates are usually prepared by reacting very pure
phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 obtained from
limestone, in stoichiometric ratio in aqueous suspension followed
by drying at a temperature that will allow the correct hydration
state to be achieved. After drying, the coarse-grade material is
obtained by means of a classification unit; the fine particle-size
material is obtained by milling. Dibasic calcium phosphate,
anhydrous, may also be prepared by spray-drying.
Flammability and Explosibility
Nonflammable
Pharmaceutical Applications
Anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate is used both as an excipient
and as a source of calcium in nutritional supplements. It is used
particularly in the nutritional/health food sectors. It is also used in
pharmaceutical products because of its compaction properties, and
the good flow properties of the coarse-grade material. The
predominant deformation mechanism of anhydrous dibasic calcium
phosphate coarse-grade is brittle fracture and this reduces the
strain-rate sensitivity of the material, thus allowing easier transition
from the laboratory to production scale. However, unlike the
dihydrate, anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate when compacted
at higher pressures can exhibit lamination and capping. This
phenomenon can be observed when the material represents a
substantial proportion of the formulation, and is exacerbated by the
use of deep concave tooling. This phenomenon also appears to be
independent of rate of compaction.
Anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate is abrasive and a lubricant
is required for tableting, for example 1% w/w magnesium stearate
or 1% w/w sodium stearyl fumarate.
Two particle-size grades of anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate
are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Milled material is typically
used in wet-granulated or roller-compacted formulations. The
‘unmilled’ or coarse-grade material is typically used in directcompression
formulations.
Anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate is nonhygroscopic and
stable at room temperature. It does not hydrate to form the
dihydrate.
Anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate is used in toothpaste and
dentifrice formulations for its abrasive properties.
Safety Profile
Skin and eye irritant. A
nuisance dust.
Safety
Dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous is widely used in oral
pharmaceutical products, food products, and toothpastes, and is
generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and nonirritant material.
storage
Dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous is a nonhygroscopic,
relatively stable material. Under conditions of high humidity it
does not hydrate to form the dihydrate.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a
dry place.
Purification Methods
Crystallise it from a near-saturated solution in 50% aqueous reagent grade phosphoric acid at 100o by filtering through fritted glass and cooling to room temperature. The crystals are filtered off, and this process is repeated three times using fresh acid. For the final crystallisation the solution is cooled slowly with constant stirring to give thin plate crystals that are filtered off on a fritted glass funnel, washed free of acid with anhydrous acetone and dry in a vacuum desiccator [Egan et al.J Am Chem Soc 78 1811 1956].
Incompatibilities
Dibasic calcium phosphate should not be used to formulate
tetracyline antibiotics.
The surface of milled anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate is
alkaline and consequently it should not be used with drugs that
are sensitive to alkaline pH. However, reports suggest there are
differences in the surface alkalinity/acidity between the milled and
unmilled grades of anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate; the
unmilled form has an acidic surface environment. This difference
has important implications for drug stability, particularly when
reformulating from, e.g. roller compaction to direct compression,
when the particle size of the anhydrous dibasic calcium phosphate
might be expected to change.
Dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate has been reported to be
incompatible with a number of drugs and excipients, and many of
these incompatibilities are expected to occur with dibasic calcium
phosphate, anhydrous; see Calcium phosphate, dibasic dihydrate.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted as a food additive in Europe. Included in the
FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets).
Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in Europe. Included in
the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 7757-93-9 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,7,5 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7757-93:
(6*7)+(5*7)+(4*5)+(3*7)+(2*9)+(1*3)=139
139 % 10 = 9
So 7757-93-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/2Ca.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2*+2;/p-3
