86688-88-2Relevant articles and documents
Hydrogen bond donor solvents enabled metal and halogen-free Friedel–Crafts acylations with virtually no waste stream
Liu, Guangchang,Xu, Bo
supporting information, p. 869 - 872 (2018/02/09)
We have developed a metal and halogen-free Friedel–Crafts acylation protocol with virtually no waste stream generation. We propose a hydrogen bonding donor solvent will form a hydrogen bonding network and may provide significant rate enhancement for Friedel–Crafts reactions. Trifluoroacetic acid is one of the strongest H-bond donor solvents, which is also volatile and can be easily recovered by distillation without need for reaction workup. Our protocol is a ‘green’ Friedel–Crafts acylation process: 1) the catalyst can be recovered and reused; 2) using halogen free starting material (carboxylic acids anhydride or carboxylic acids); 3) no need for aqueous reaction work-up; 4) minimum or no waste steam generation.
Regioselective Synthesis of Acylpyrroles
Kakushima, Masatoshi,Hamel, Pierre,Frenette, Richard,Rokach, Joshua
, p. 3214 - 3219 (2007/10/02)
The regioselective synthesis of several pyrrole derivatives is described.AlCl3-catalyzed acylation reactions of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrrole (1) give 3-acyl derivatives, whereas the corresponding BF3*OEt2-catalyzed reactions give 2-acyl derivatives predominantly.Mild alkaline hydrolysis gives the corresponding acyl-1H-pyrroles in excellent yields.AlCl3-catalyzed reactions of 1 with 1,1-dichloromethyl methyl ether and oxalyl chloride give 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-formylpyrrole (6) and 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-(chlorocarbonyl)pyrrole (7), respectively. 3-Pyrrolylacetic acid (10) was prepared by thallium(III) nitrate promoted rearrangement of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-acetylpyrrole (2a).Trifluoroacetic anhydride catalyzed cyclization of 4-butyric acid (14) gives 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindole (17).Attempts to cyclize 14 at the 4-position have been unsuccessful.