9086-74-2

Basic information

• Product Name: diapause hormone
• Synonyms: diapause hormone
• CAS NO: 9086-74-2
• Molecular Weight: 0
• Mol File: 9086-74-2.mol
• Article Data: 0

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• CAS DataBase Reference: diapause hormone(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: diapause hormone(9086-74-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: diapause hormone(9086-74-2)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 9086-74-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Description

Diapause hormone (DH) is a neuropeptide synthesized by the subesophageal ganglion (SG) in the silkworm Bombyx mori. It is released into the hemolymph via the corpus cardiacum-corpus allatum (CC-CA) complex and plays a crucial role in inducing embryonic diapause during the pupal-adult development stage.

Uses

Used in Insect Reproduction Research:
Diapause hormone is used as a research tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying insect reproduction and development. It helps scientists study the role of DH in regulating embryonic diapause and its potential applications in pest control and agricultural management.
Used in Pest Control:
Diapause hormone can be used as a biopesticide to control insect populations by manipulating their reproductive cycles. By understanding the role of DH in inducing embryonic diapause, researchers can develop strategies to disrupt the reproductive process of pests, thereby reducing their population and impact on crops.
Used in Agricultural Management:
Diapause hormone can be applied in agricultural management to improve crop yield and protect plants from insect pests. By manipulating the reproductive cycles of insects, farmers can reduce the damage caused by pests and ensure a healthier and more productive crop.

Structure

DH is a C-terminally amidated peptide consisting of 24 aa residues with a C-terminal sequence of FGPRLNH2.Therefore, DH is a member of the FXPRL-NH2 family. DH is widely conserved among lepidopteran insects.

Discovery

DH was first discovered as a hormone that is synthesized by SG and released into the hemolymph to induce embryonic diapause in B. mori.It was isolated from B. mori SG, and its structure was determined in 1991.In addition, DH has been shown to induce the termination of pupal diapause in the corn earworm, Heliothis/ Helicoverpa species.

Distribution

DH is detected in seven pairs of neurosecretory cells (DH-PBAN-producing neurosecretory cells; DHPCs),which consists of the SMd, SMx, and SLb neuromeres along the ventral midline and in SL cells located within the B. mori SG.

Biological functions

B. mori DH acts on the developing ovaries during the middle pupal stage and transfers the DH signal into the oocyte via DHR. At 2–3 days after egg-laying, the eggs reach the diapause stage, with the enlargement of both extremities of the embryo and the completion of mesoderm segregation.?In developing ovaries, DH is known to enhance trehalase activity on the oolemma, which leads to the accelerated incorporation of hemolymph trehalose by the oocyte and finally, to higher levels of glycogen deposition, compared to the oocyte without the DH signal. This glycogen is utilized for the production of sorbitol and glycerol along with the diapause. DH promotes trehalase activity via upregulation of the trehalase gene, during the period when Ca2+ and protein kinase C are involved in signal transduction.In Orgyia thyellina, DH induces seasonal reproductive polyphenism, including the egg diapause.

Regulation of synthesis and release

B. mori DH is biosynthesized in the neurosecretory cells in the SG. It is transported via nervus corporis cardiaci-III, maxillary nervus, nervi corporis cardiaci-ventralis, and nervi corporis cardiaci-nervus recurrens to the CC-CA complex, and is then released into the hemolymph.The expression of the B. mori DH-PBAN gene is switched on by the interaction of a cis-element (-1117 to-1088nt) on the 50 upstream region with a transcription factor (B. mori Pitx1).In the pupae of diapause eggs, which are the producers of the bivoltine strain (Kosetsu), the DH titer was measured at 8.85 ± 2.71pM, which was twofold higher than in the nondiapause egg producer.