917099-00-4Relevant articles and documents
Total Synthesis of the Death Cap Toxin Phalloidin: Atropoisomer Selectivity Explained by Molecular-Dynamics Simulations
Yao, Guiyang,Joswig, Jan-Oliver,Keller, Bettina G.,Süssmuth, Roderich D.
supporting information, p. 8030 - 8034 (2019/05/29)
Phallotoxins and amatoxins are a group of prominent peptide toxins produced by the death cap mushroom Amanita phalloides. Phalloidin is a bicyclic cyclopeptide with an unusual tryptathionin thioether bridge. It is a potent stabilizer of filamentous actin and in a fluorescently labeled form widely used as a probe for actin binding. Herein, we report the enantioselective synthesis of the key amino acid (2S,4R)-4,5-dihydroxy-leucine as a basis for the first total synthesis of phalloidin, which was accomplished by two different synthesis strategies. Molecular-dynamics simulations provided insights into the conformational flexibility of peptide intermediates of different reaction strategies and showed that this flexibility is critical for the formation of atropoisomers. By simulating the intermediates, rather than the final product, molecular-dynamics simulations will become a decisive tool in orchestrating the sequence of ring formation reactions of complex cyclic peptides.
Direct incorporation of unprotected ketone groups into peptides during solid-phase synthesis: Application to the one-step modification of peptides with two different biophysical probes for FRET
Marcaurelle, Lisa A.,Bertozzi, Carolyn R.
, p. 7279 - 7282 (2007/10/03)
An amino acid bearing an unprotected ketone group, (2S)-aminolevulinic acid, was incorporated into a synthetic peptide using standard Fmoc-based solid-phase methods. The ketone group remained unharmed during the synthesis and provided a uniquely reactive functional group for covalent modification of the peptide. The ketone and the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue elsewhere in the peptide were reacted simultaneously with two different biophysical probes, enabling the site-specific installation of a donor and acceptor pair for FRET in one step without the need for differential side chain protection.
Synthesis of 2>- and 6>-Locust Adipokinetic Hormone
Hardy, Paul M.,Sheppard, Paul W.
, p. 723 - 729 (2007/10/02)
The syntheses of 2>- and 6>-locust adipokinetic hormone (LAKH) by the coupling of N-terminal hexapeptides prepared by the solid-phase method with a common C-terminal tetrapeptide synthesised in solution