935-95-5Relevant articles and documents
Room-temperature copper-catalyzed oxidation of electron-deficient arenes and heteroarenes using air
Liu, Qiang,Wu, Pan,Yang, Yuhong,Zeng, Ziqi,Liu, Jie,Yi, Hong,Lei, Aiwen
supporting information; experimental part, p. 4666 - 4670 (2012/06/30)
No pressure: The oxidation of aromatic C-H bonds at room temperature was realized through a copper-catalyzed "oxygenase-type" oxidation of arenes and heteroarenes in the presence of air (see scheme). The reaction involves an oxygen-atom transfer from O2 in the air onto the substrates. Copyright
Formation and destruction of chlorinated pollutants during sewage sludge incineration
Fullana, Andres,Conesa, Juan A.,Font, Rafael,Sidhu, Sukh
, p. 2953 - 2958 (2007/10/03)
The limitations facing land filling and recycling and the planned ban on sea disposal of sludge leads to the expectation that the role of sludge incineration will increase in the future. The expected increase in sludge incineration will also increase scrutiny of the main drawback to sewage sludge incineration-the formation of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs). Despite the extensive body of knowledge available on sewage sludge combustion, very few studies have been conducted on the formation of HAPs during sludge combustion. In this work, the interactions between sewage sludge pyrolysis products and sludge ash were investigated using a dual chamber flow reactor system and a horizontal laboratory scale reactor. The results of this study shows that sludge ash can catalyze oxidation and chlorination of organics. In the absence of HCl in the gas stream, sludge ash acts as an oxidizing catalyst, but in the presence of HCl, sludge ash acts as a chlorination catalyst producing high yields of organochloride compounds.
Removal of dioxins and related aromatic hydrocarbons from flue gas streams by adsorption and catalytic destruction
Liljelind, Per,Unsworth, John,Maaskant, Onno,Marklund, Stellan
, p. 615 - 623 (2007/10/03)
The dioxin removing capacity of the shell dedioxin system (SDDS a - Ti/V oxidative type catalyst) has been tested using the Umefa lab-scale incinerator over the temperature range 100 -230°C and at space velocities of 8000 and 40,000 h-1. Other analogous organic compounds, such as PCBs, PAHs, chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols have also been investigated. Results show a high degree of dioxin removal already at 100°C (82%), which occurs mainly by adsorption. When the temperature is raised a transition towards destruction is seen and at 150°C, gas hour space velocity (GHSV) 8000 and at 230°C, GHSV 40,000 virtually all removal is by destruction. High PCDD/F destruction efficiencies are reported (> 99.9%, based on I-TEQ); the other dioxin-related species and PAHs are also removed and destroyed to a significant extent. The SDDS has proved to be an effective means of destroying organic compounds in the gas phase, particularly dioxins, at temperatures as low as 150°C.