99-91-2

Basic information

• Product Name: 4'-Chloroacetophenone
• Synonyms: 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethanon;1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone[qr];4’-chloro-acetophenon;4-acetylchlorobenzene;4-chloroacetophenone[qr];4-chlorophenylmethylketone;Acetophenone, 4'-chloro-;acetophenone,4-chloro-[qr]
• CAS NO: 99-91-2
• Molecular Formula: C₈H₇ClO
• Molecular Weight: 154.59
• EINECS: 202-800-7
• Product Categories: Chlorobenzene Series;Acetophenone Series;FINE Chemical & INTERMEDIATES;Aromatic Acetophenones & Derivatives (substituted);Organics;C7 to C8;Carbonyl Compounds;Ketones
• Mol File: 99-91-2.mol
• Article Data: 673

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 74-76 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 232 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 194 °F
• Appearance: Clear colorless to yellow/Liquid After Melting
• Density: 1.192 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 8 mm Hg ( 90 °C)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.554(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Solubility: 111mg/l (slow decomposition)
• Water Solubility: 111 mg/L (25 ºC)
• Merck: 14,2116
• BRN: 386014
• CAS DataBase Reference: 4'-Chloroacetophenone(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 4'-Chloroacetophenone(99-91-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 4'-Chloroacetophenone(99-91-2)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T+,Xn
• Statements: 22-26-37/38-41-36/37/38-36/37
• Safety Statements: 26-28-36/37/39-45-28A-36
• RIDADR: UN 3416 6.1/PG 2
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: KM5600000
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 6.1
• PackingGroup: II
• Hazardous Substances Data: 99-91-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Chloroacetophenone is used as a tear gas for riot control and as a kind of chemical mace against small groups or individuals

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 44, p. 2568, 1979 DOI: 10.1021/jo01328a051Tetrahedron Letters, 42, p. 265, 2001 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)01935-3Synthetic Communications, 25, p. 2261, 1995 DOI: 10.1080/00397919508011781

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A powerful irritant and lachrymator. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation and unspecified effects on the eye and sense of smell. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use water, foam, alcohol foam, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam it emits toxic fumes of Cl-

Upstream product

• 1073-67-2 4-vinylbenzyl chloride 
• 107-29-9 Acetaldehyde oxime 
• 17333-85-6 4-chlorophenyldiazonium salt 
• 1615-02-7 p-chlorocinnamic acid 
• 3710-84-7 N-ethyl-N-hydroxy-ethanamine 
• 127-19-5 N,N-dimethyl acetamide 
• 14774-78-8 4-chlorophenyl lithium 
• 3391-10-4 1-(p-chlorophenyl)ethyl alcohol 
• 24045-70-3 diethyl 2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)malonate 
• 17589-68-3 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-oxopropanoic acid 
• 108-24-7 acetic anhydride 
• 108-90-7 chlorobenzene 
• 99187-99-2 2-(4-chlorophenyl)butane-2,3-diol 
• 546-67-8 lead(IV) tetraacetate 

Downstream Products

• 42945-85-7 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)-ethanethione 
• 7469-98-9 1,4-bis-[3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propyl]-piperazine; dihydrochloride 
• 28561-06-0 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1-pyridin-4-yl-ethanol 
• 197512-40-6 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol 
• 105688-33-3 1-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-pyridinium iodide 
• 5337-52-0 (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 14385-65-0 (2E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 4397-43-7 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-quinolin-2-yl-propenone 
• 351332-56-4 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid 
• 69538-64-3 (E)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 124930-93-4 8-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)cinchoninic acid 
• 5466-31-9 2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 
• 23241-13-6 3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-3-hydroxyindolin-2-one 
• 126088-20-8 6-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 

Relevant articles and documents

Catalytic oxidation of alcohols by a novel manganese Schiff base ligand derived from salicylaldehyd and l-Phenylalanine in ionic liquids

A selective oxidation of alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([bmim]BF4) was achieved by using a novel salicylaldehyd amino acid Schiff base manganese ligand. The catalytic s

Stepwise benzylic oxygenation via uranyl-photocatalysis

Stepwise oxygenation at the benzylic position (1°, 2°, 3°) of aromatic molecules was comprehensively established under ambient conditions via uranyl photocatalysis to produce carboxylic acids, ketones, and alcohols, respectively. The accuracy of the stepwise oxygenation was ensured by the tunability of catalytic activity in uranyl photocatalysis, which was adjusted by solvents and additives demonstrated through Stern–Volmer analysis. Hydrogen atom transfer between the benzylic position and the uranyl catalyst facilitated oxygenation, further confirmed by kinetic studies. Considerably improved efficiency of flow operation demonstrated the potential for industrial synthetic application.

Catalytic alcohol oxidation using cationic Schiff base manganeseIII complexes with flexible diamino bridge

Four Schiff base manganese(III) complexes with derivatives of [(R,R)-N,N’-bis(salicy1idene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminato)] including substituents on salicylaldehyde such as 3-methoxy, 3,5-di-tert-butyl and 3,5-chloro were synthesized and characterized using a combination of IR, UV–Vis, and HR ESI-MS techniques. The catalytic activity of these complexes was tested in the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone, revealing very good performances for all of the four manganese complexes. The catalytic reactions were carried out in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and imidazole as co-catalyst. Complex Mn-4, bearing electron withdrawing [(R,R)-N,N’-bis(3,5-di-chloro-salicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminato)] ligand was found to be the most stable of the tested Mn(III) complexes and was selected for the oxidation of several primary and secondary alcohols.