Taurine

Structure Descriptors of Taurine (CAS NO.107-35-7):

IUPAC Name: 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid 
Molecular Formula: C₂H₇NO₃S
Molecular Weight: 125.14g/mol
Mol File: 107-35-7.mol
EINECS: 203-483-8
Appearance: Large white crystals or white powder
Melting Point: >300 °C(lit.)
Storage Temperature: 2-8°C
Density: 1.494 g/cm³
Water Solubility: 5-10 g/100 mL at 23.5 ºC
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Surface Tension: 68.1 dyne/cm 
Index of Refraction: 1.515
Molar Refractivity: 25.27 cm³
Molar Volume: 83.7 cm³
XLogP3-AA: -4.1
H-Bond Donor: 2
H-Bond Acceptor: 4
Canonical SMILES: C(CS(=O)(=O)O)N
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H7NO3S/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-3H2,(H,4,5,6)  
InChIKey: XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Categories: Food and Feed Additive; Food & Feed ADDITIVES; Sulphur Derivatives; pharmacetical; Natural Plant Extract; Nutritional fortification substances; Amino Acids; GABA/Glycine receptor

The uses of Taurine are as follows:
1. Taurine is an essential dietary requirement for feline health, since cats cannot synthesize the compound. The absence of taurine causes a cat's retina to slowly degenerate, causing eye problems and (eventually) irreversible blindness — a condition known as central retinal degeneration (CRD),as well as hair loss and tooth decay. It was discovered in 1987 that taurine deficiency can also cause feline dilated cardiomyopathy. Unlike CRD, the condition is reversible with supplementation. Taurine is now a requirement of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and any dry or wet food product labeled approved by the AAFCO should have a minimum of 0.1% taurine in dry food and 0.2% in wet food.
2.Recent research has provided evidence that Taurine is essential in early bird development of passerines. Many passerines, regardless of spider availability, seek out many Taurine-rich spiders to feed their young particularly in their youngest stages of life. Researchers later compared the behaviors and development of birds fed a Taurine-supplemented diet to a control diet and found that juveniles that were fed Taurine-rich diets as neonates were much larger risk takers and more adept at spatial learning tasks.
3. Taurine is used as a functional food in many energy drinks and energy products. Despite being present in many energy foods, it has not been proven to be energy-giving. A study of mice hereditarily unable to transport Taurine suggests that it is needed for proper maintenance and functioning of skeletal muscles. Additionally, it has been shown to be effective in removing fatty liver deposits in humans, preventing liver disease, and reducing cirrhosis in rats.
4. Taurine is necessary for normal skeletal muscle functioning.
5.It is believed that prematurely born infants lack the enzymes needed to convert cystathionine to cysteine and may therefore become deficient in taurine. Thus, Taurine is thought to be a dietary essential nutrient in these individuals and has been added to many infant formulas as a measure of prudence, since the early 1980s.

For mammalian taurine synthesis occurs in the pancreas via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway. In this pathway, the sulfhydryl group of cysteine is first oxidized to cysteine sulfinic acid by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase. Cysteine sulfinic acid, in turn, is decarboxylated by sulfinoalanine decarboxylase to form hypotaurine. It is unclear whether hypotaurine is then spontaneously or enzymatically oxidized to yield taurine.
Taurine in the pharmaceutical and lab setting is synthesized through a combination of cysteine, methionine, and vitamin E.
In 1993, approximately 5,000–6,000 t. of taurine were produced; 50% for pet food manufacture, 50% in pharmaceutical applications.Synthetic taurine is obtained from isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid), which in turn is obtained from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite.Another approach is the reaction of aziridine with sulfurous acid. This leads directly to taurine.

Safety Information of Taurine (CAS NO.107-35-7):
Hazard Codes: Xi
Risk Statements: 36/37/38   
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 26-36-24/25
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. 
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing. 
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: WX0175000
HS Code: 29211980

 Taurine , its CAS NO. is 107-35-7, the synonyms are 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid ; 2-Aminoethylsulfonic acid ; 2-Sulfoethylamine ; Tauphon ; Taurinum ;  beta-Aminoethylsulfonic acid ; Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-amino- ; L-Taurine .