10049-07-7 Usage
Description
Rhodium trichloride, also known as rhodium(III) chloride, is a red-brown or black crystalline powder that is easily deliquescent. It is a compound with the chemical formula RhCl3 and has a molecular weight of 209.26 (anhydrous). Rhodium trichloride decomposes upon heating at 450 to 500°C and sublimes at 800°C. It is insoluble in water, acid, and aqua regia but is soluble in methanol and cyanide solutions. It can be reduced by hydrogen at 70°C and reacts with metals such as sodium, aluminum, magnesium, and iron when heated.
Uses
1. Homogeneous Catalysis:
Rhodium trichloride is used as a catalyst in homogeneous catalysis, particularly in the industrial production of acetic acid.
2. Optics and Reflectors:
Rhodium trichloride is used to coat optic fibers and optical mirrors, as well as for crucibles, thermocouple elements, and headlight reflectors due to its reflective properties and resistance to high temperatures.
3. Manufacturing Rhodium Trifluoride:
Rhodium trichloride serves as a precursor in the production of rhodium trifluoride, which has various applications in different industries.
4. Electrocatalysis in Energy, Sensing, and Biomedical Sectors:
Rhodium trichloride can be used as a precursor to dope graphene with Rh nanoparticles, creating hybrids for electrocatalysis in energy, sensing, and biomedical applications.
5. Preparation of [Rh(NH3)6]Cl3:
Rhodium trichloride is also used in the preparation of hexaamminerhodium(III) chloride, a complex compound with potential applications in various fields.
6. Physical Properties:
The trihydrate form of rhodium trichloride is a dark red powder that is deliquescent, loses water at 100°C, and is very soluble in water. It is also soluble in alcohol and hydrochloric acid but insoluble in ether.
7. Chemical Properties:
Rhodium trichloride exhibits various chemical properties, such as being easily deliquescent, having a melting point of 450~500°C (decomposition), and a boiling point of 800°C (sublimation). It can be reduced by hydrogen at 70°C and reacts with concentrated acids like nitric acid and sulfuric acid upon heating.
Preparation
Rhodium trichloride is prepared by heating rhodium with chlorine gas at 250°C:2Rh + 3Cl2 → 2RhCl3Also, the chloride salt may be obtained by treating the yellow hydrous oxide, Rh2O3.5H2O, with hydrochloric acid. The solution is carefully evaporated to form a dark red and water-soluble salt, rhodium trichloride tetrahydrate, RhCl3.4H2O. Heating the tetrahydrate in a stream of hydrogen chloride gas at 180°C forms the anhydrous salt, RhCl3.
Reactions
Catalyst in conjunction with "pybox" for the asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones.C-C bond forming reactions.
Hazard
Toxic by ingestion.
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Mutation data reported. Incompatible with pentacarbonyl iron + zinc. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also RHODIUM and CHLORIDES
Potential Exposure
Rhodium trichloride is used in hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, carbonylation, oxidation, arylation. See also “Rhodium Metal.” In plating operations and in catalyst preparation, the metal will be used as the trichloride.
Shipping
UN3260 Corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s.,
Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical
Name Required.
Purification Methods
Probable impurities are KCl and HCl. Wash the chloride well with small volumes of H2O to remove excess KCl and KOH and dissolve it in the minimum volume of conc HCl. Evaporate it to dryness on a steam bath to give wine-red coloured RhCl3.3H2O. Leave it on the steam bath until the odour of HCl is lost-do not try to dry further as it begins to decompose above 100o to the oxide and HCl. It is not soluble in H2O but soluble in alkalis or CN solutions and forms double salts with alkali chlorides. [Anderson & Basolo Inorg Synth VII 214 1963.]
Incompatibilities
Sensitive to humidity. Incompatible with
oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may
cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materi-
als, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides.
Waste Disposal
Recovery and reclaiming
wherever possible in view of high economic value. See
“Rhodium Metal.”
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 10049-07-7 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 1,0,0,4 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 0 and 7 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 10049-07:
(7*1)+(6*0)+(5*0)+(4*4)+(3*9)+(2*0)+(1*7)=57
57 % 10 = 7
So 10049-07-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/3ClH.Rh/h3*1H;/q;;;+2/p-3
10049-07-7Relevant articles and documents
Separation and characterization of new transition metal complexes of some chromone derivatives
Youssef, Nabil S.
, p. 225 - 238 (2000)
Transition metal complexes of two new ligands derived from the condensation of 6-formyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methylchromone with barbituric acid (H2L1) and 6-formyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone with thiobarbituric acid (H3/s
Kinetic studies on the oxidation of dichlorotetracarbonyldirhodium(I) by hydrogen peroxide
Chipperfield, John R.,Shana'a, May,Webster, David E.
, p. 511 - 522 (1988)
Kinetic measurements on the oxidation of dichlorotetracarbonyldirhodium(I) by hydrogen peroxide in ethanol/hydrochloric acid indicate that reaction proceeds through the intermediate "".The reaction rate is first order with respect to the rhodiu
Thermodynamic Properties of Ruthenium and Rhodium Chlorides
Tagirov,Makarov,Bryukvin
, p. 919 - 921 (2008/10/08)
Thermodynamic properties of ruthenium and rhodium trichlorides were studied by high-temperature mass spectrometry from 591 to 724 and 500 to 683 K, respectively. RuCl3 and RhCl3 dissociate to metal at these temperatures. The dissociation pressures of RuCl3 and RhCl3 were measured. No ruthenium or rhodium chlorides were found in the gas phase.