13981-56-1

Basic information

• Product Name: hydrogen fluoride
• Synonyms: HYDROGEN FLUORIDE;Fluorine, isotope of mass 18;Fluorine, isotope of mass 18, at.;Fluorine-18;fluorine-18 atom
• CAS NO: 13981-56-1
• Molecular Formula: FH
• Molecular Weight: 20.01
• Mol File: 13981-56-1.mol
• Article Data: 4

Chemical Properties

• Appearance: /
• Density: 1.14 g/cm3 (20 °C)
• Storage Temp.: Store at +2°C to +8°C.
• CAS DataBase Reference: hydrogen fluoride(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: hydrogen fluoride(13981-56-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: hydrogen fluoride(13981-56-1)

Safety Data

• WGK Germany: WGK 2 significantly water endangering
• Hazardous Substances Data: 13981-56-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Description

Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless gas or liquid used in the production of fluorine-containing compounds.

Description

Hydrogen fluoride, also known as hydrofluoric acid, is the hydride of fluorine and the first member of the family of halogen acids. It is a colorless, fuming gas or liquid that is very soluble in water. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is an extremely powerful acid, exceeded in this respect only by 100% sulfuric acid. It is a widely used industrial chemical with various applications across different industries.

Uses

Used in Chemical Industry:
Hydrogen fluoride is used as a catalyst in alkylation, isomerization, condensation, dehydration, and polymerization reactions. It is also used as a fluorinating agent in organic and inorganic reactions.
Used in Production of Fluorine and Aluminum Fluoride:
Hydrogen fluoride is employed in the electrochemical preparation of fluorine and for the preparation of inorganic fluorides, such as aluminum fluoride.
Used in Petroleum Refining Industry:
Although this application has been superseded by other methods, hydrogen fluoride was formerly used in the petroleum refining industry for the isomerization of aliphatic hydrocarbons to form more desirable automotive fuels.
Used in Refrigerant Production:
The largest industrial use of hydrogen fluoride is in making fluorine-containing refrigerants, such as Freons and Genetrons.
Used in Organic Fluorocarbon Compound Preparation:
Hydrogen fluoride is used in the Simons electrochemical process for the preparation of organic fluorocarbon compounds. In this procedure, an organic compound is dissolved in hydrogen fluoride, and an electric current is passed through the solution, replacing the hydrogen atoms in the organic solute with fluorine.
Used in Nuclear Energy Industry:
Hydrogen fluoride is used for the conversion of uranium dioxide to uranium tetrafluoride, an intermediate in the preparation of uranium metal and uranium hexafluoride. This represents an important use of hydrogen fluoride, especially with the great increase in nuclear energy-produced electricity.
Used in Liquid Rocket Propellants:
Hydrogen fluoride serves as an additive in liquid rocket propellants, contributing to their performance and efficiency.
Safety Precautions:
Both hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid cause unusually severe burns. Appropriate precautions must be taken to prevent any contact of the skin or eyes with either the liquid or the vapor.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, strong irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes.

InChI:InChI=1/FH/h1H/i1-1

Synthetic route

18O-labeled water (14797-71-8) → [18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1)

Conditions	Yield
With proton source In water Radiochemical reaction;
Radiochemical reaction;

18F-fluoride (27948-18-1) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) → [18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) at about 200°C (catalyzed by material of vessel);;
In neat (no solvent) Irradiation (UV/VIS); at room temp.;;	0%
In neat (no solvent) at room temp.;;	0%

(18F)-fluoride + tetramethylstannane (594-27-4) → [18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + Sn(CH3)3CH2 (20670-29-5) + trimethylstannane radical (17272-57-0)

Conditions	Yield
In gaseous matrix Kinetics; byproducts: CH3(18)F; other Radiation; SF6 gaseous matrix, 3000 torr, 287 +/- 2 K; content determination by radio gas chromatography;

(18F)-fluoride + hydrogen sulfide (7783-06-4) → [18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1)

Conditions	Yield
Kinetics; reaction of H2S with photolytically created (18)F atoms;

(18F)-fluoride + dimethylmercury (593-74-8) → [18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1)

Conditions	Yield
In gas Kinetics; byproducts: CH3Hg, CH3(18)F, CH3HgCH2; at 920-3990 Torr, also in presence CH4;

sodium hydrogendifluoride → [18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1)

Conditions	Yield
400°C;

K(1+)*H(18)F2(1-)=KH(18)F2 → [18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1)

Conditions	Yield
With HF or F2 400°C, in a nickel or copper vessel;

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + xenon difluoride (13709-36-9) → [18F]xenon difluoride

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid In water; acetonitrile other Radiation; by thermal neutrons irradiated (6)Li2CO3 was dissolved in H2SO4/water, H(18)F was distd. off, neutralized with n-Bu4NOH, evapd. in vac., dissolved in MeCN, evapd. in vac., dissolved in SO2ClF at -196°C, distd. into the XeF2, 20 min at 40°C; evapd. in vac. at -48°C; laser Raman spectr. at -196°C;	88%

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + xenon difluoride (13709-36-9) → XeF(18)F (331810-71-0) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3)

Conditions	Yield
In water 0°C, 2h;	A n/a B 0.8%

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + xenon difluoride (13709-36-9) + K(18)F (53612-91-2) → XeF(18)F (331810-71-0) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3)

Conditions	Yield
In water 0°C, 2h;	A n/a B 0.8%

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + potassium carbonate (584-08-7) + [2.2.2]cryptande (23978-09-8) → CO3(2-)*C18H36N2O6*(18)F(1-)*3K(1+)

Conditions	Yield
In water; acetonitrile

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + potassium carbonate (584-08-7) → [18F]-potassium fluoride

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + potassium hydroxide (1310-58-3) → [18F]-potassium fluoride

Conditions	Yield
In [18O]-water

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + silver carbonate → silver (18)fluoride

Conditions	Yield
In 18O-labeled water at 250℃; for 0.0833333h;

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + sodium fluoride → Na(18)F (22554-99-0) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3)

Conditions	Yield
complete within 3 min.;	A >90 B >90

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + sodium fluoride → sodium hydrogendifluoride

Conditions	Yield
100°C;

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + chlorine trifluoride (7790-91-2) → chlorine trifluoride + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3)

Conditions	Yield
In gas in 3 min;;	A >90 B n/a
In neat (no solvent) in 10 min;;	A >90 B n/a
In neat (no solvent) in 10 min;;	A >90 B n/a
In neat (no solvent, gas phase) in 3 min;;	A >90 B n/a

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + aluminium(III) chloride hexahydrate + 2,2'-(7-(2-((4-((2-(diethylamino)ethyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7-triazonane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid → C24H36Al(18)FN6O6

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: [18F]-hydrofluoric acid; aluminium(III) chloride hexahydrate With acetic acid In aq. acetate buffer pH=4; Stage #2: 2,2'-(7-(2-((4-((2-(diethylamino)ethyl)carbamoyl)benzyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-1,4,7-triazonane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid In aq. acetate buffer at 110℃; for 0.166667h;

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) → [18F]-potassium fluoride

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; 18O-labeled water; [2.2.2]cryptande In acetonitrile

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + C15H21BF3N5O3 → C15H21BF2(18)FN5O3

Conditions	Yield
In dimethyl sulfoxide pH=2 - 2.5;

[18F]-hydrofluoric acid (13981-56-1) + C15H22BF3N6O3*2ClH → C15H22BF2(18)FN6O3*2ClH

Conditions	Yield
In dimethyl sulfoxide pH=2 - 2.5;

Upstream product

• 14797-71-8 ¹⁸O-labeled water 
• 27948-18-1 ¹⁸F-fluoride 
• 7664-39-3 hydrogen fluoride 
• 594-27-4 tetramethylstannane 
• 7783-06-4 hydrogen sulfide 
• 593-74-8 dimethylmercury 

Downstream Products

• 7789-23-3 [¹⁸F]-potassium fluoride 
• 11113-87-4 silver (18)fluoride 
• 22554-99-0 Na⁽¹⁸⁾F 
• 7664-39-3 hydrogen fluoride 
• 331810-71-0 XeF⁽¹⁸⁾F 

Relevant articles and documents

Methyl Fluoride Formation from Thermal Fluorine-18 Reaction with Dimethylmercury

The attack of F on (CH3)2Hg with the formation of CH3F has been observed in the gas phase by using radioactive 18F atoms thermalized by multiple collisions in SF6.Approximately 9.6 +/- 1.0percent of thermal 18F atoms are found as CH318F by the

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