154318-72-6Relevant articles and documents
Selective terminal heck arylation of vinyl ethers with aryl chlorides: A combined experimental-computational approach including synthesis of betaxolol
Datta, Gopal K.,Von Schenck, Henrik,Hallberg, Anders,Larhed, Mats
, p. 3896 - 3903 (2007/10/03)
Reaction conditions have been developed for palladium-catalyzed terminal (β-) arylation of acyclic vinyl ethers with high regioselectivity using inexpensive aryl chlorides as starting materials and the P(t-Bu)3 releasing preligand [(t-Bu3)PH]BF4 as the key additive. This swift and straightforward protocol exploits non-inert conditions and controlled microwave heating to minimize handling and processing times and uses aqueous DMF or environmentally friendly PEG-200 as the reaction medium. The selectivity for linear β-product in PEG-200 is slightly higher than in aqueous DMF. DFT calculations support a ligand-driven selectivity rationale, where the electronic and steric influence of bulky P(t-Bu)3 ligand provides improved β-selectivity in the essential insertion step also with electron-rich aryl chlorides. A tentative computational rationalization of the improved selectivity in non-methylated PEG is discussed. Finally the synthetic methodology was used to provide efficient access to linear p-[2- (cyclopropylmethoxy)-ethyl] phenol from p-nitrophenyl chloride, a key intermediate in the synthesis of the β-adrenergic blocking agent Betaxolol.
Chelation-Controlled, Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Enol Ethers with Aryl Triflates. Ligand Control of Selection for α- or β-Arylation of ethene
Larhed, Mats,Andersson, Carl-Magnus,Hallberg, Anders
, p. 285 - 304 (2007/10/02)
Palladium-catalyzed arylation reactions of ethene (1) with a series of aryl triflates were performed under a variety of reaction conditions.In particular, the influence of phosphine ligands and halide additives on regioselectivity were studied.It was found that the chelation-controlled arylation of 1 affords an expedient route for the conversion of phenols into arylacetaldehydes.Alternatively, the same starting materials could be used to synthesize acetophenones by reversing the regioselectivity with bidentate phosphine ligands.