5376-10-3Relevant articles and documents
Monomers and polymers carrying imidazole and benzimidazole groupings, and proton exchange membrane containing the same for the production of a fuel cell
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Page/Page column 6, (2014/10/28)
The invention relates to a monomer (6, 14) carrying an imidazole-type heterocycle (3). According to the invention, the chemical structure of said monomer (6, 14) comprises at least one unit of formula (I) wherein R1 comprises an alkenyl grouping and R2 comprises a grouping for protecting one of the nitrogen atoms of the heterocycle. The invention also relates to a monomer carrying a benzimidazole-type heterocycle, and to protected polymers obtained from said monomers, deprotected polymers produced by the protected polymers, a proton exchange membrane based on deprotected polymers, and a fuel cell provided with said membrane. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for producing the above-mentioned monomers and polymers.
Syntheses, protonation constants and antimicrobial activity of 2-substituted N-alkylimidazole derivatives
Kleyi, Phumelele,Walmsley, Ryan S.,Gundhla, Isaac Z.,Walmsley, Tara A.,Jauka, Tembisa I.,Dames, Joanna,Walker, Roderick B.,Torto, Nelson,Tshentu, Zenixole R.
, p. 231 - 238 (2013/01/15)
A series of N-alkylimidazole-2-carboxylic acid, N-alkylimidazole-2- carboxaldehyde and N-alkylimidazole-2-methanol derivatives [alkyl = benzyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, heptyl, octyl and decyl] have been synthesized and the protonation constants determined. The antimicrobial properties of the compounds were tested against Gram-negative (Escherichi coli), Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus & Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii) bacterial strains and yeast (C. albicans). Both the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods for testing the antimicrobial activity showed that N-alkylation of imidazole with longer alkyl chains and the substitution with low pKa group at 2-position resulted in enhanced antimicrobial activity. Particularly, the N-alkylimidazole-2-carboxylic acids exhibited the best antimicrobial activity due to the low pKa of the carboxylic acid moiety. Generally, all the N-alkylimidazole derivatives were most active against the Gram-positive bacteria [S. aureus (MIC = 5-160 μg mL-1) and B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii (5-20 μg mL-1)], with the latter more susceptible. All the compounds showed poor antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative (E. coli, MIC = 0.15 to >2500 μg mL-1) bacteria and all the compounds were inactive against the yeast (Candida albicans).
MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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Page/Page column 8, (2010/06/19)
The present invention generally relates to muscarinic receptor antagonists of formula I, which are useful, among other uses, for the treatment of various diseases of the respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal systems mediated through muscarinic receptors. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of disclosed compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the disclosed compounds, and the methods for treating diseases mediated through muscarinic receptors. Formula (I) wherein Het: is heterocyclyl or heteroaryl X: O, S or NR1 and the other substituents are defined as in the claims.