56553-09-4Relevant articles and documents
Method for synthesizing chiral lactam through tandem reductive amination
-
Paragraph 0082-0088; 0092, (2021/02/10)
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis preparation, and particularly relates to a method for synthesizing chiral lactam through tandem reductive amination, which successfully realizes ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric reductive amination/cyclization tandem reaction to efficiently construct chiral lactam by using substrates of keto acid and keto ester.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Site-selective enzymatic C-H amidation for synthesis of diverse lactams
Cho, Inha,Jia, Zhi-Jun,Arnold, Frances H.
, p. 575 - 578 (2019/06/07)
A major challenge in carbon?hydrogen (C?H) bond functionalization is to have the catalyst control precisely where a reaction takes place. In this study, we report engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes that perform unprecedented enantioselective C?H amidation reactions and control the site selectivity to divergently construct b-, g-, and d-lactams, completely overruling the inherent reactivities of the C?H bonds. The enzymes, expressed in Escherichia coli cells, accomplish this abiological carbon?nitrogen bond formation via reactive iron-bound carbonyl nitrenes generated from nature-inspired acyl-protected hydroxamate precursors. This transformation is exceptionally efficient (up to 1,020,000 total turnovers) and selective (up to 25:1 regioselectivity and 97%, please refer to compound 2v enantiomeric excess), and can be performed easily on preparative scale.
Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)-H Amidation Controlled by Attractive Noncovalent Interactions
Wang, Hao,Park, Yoonsu,Bai, Ziqian,Chang, Sukbok,He, Gang,Chen, Gong
supporting information, p. 7194 - 7201 (2019/05/10)
While remarkable progress has been made over the past decade, new design strategies for chiral catalysts in enantioselective C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions are still highly desirable. In particular, the ability to use attractive noncovalent interactions for rate acceleration and enantiocontrol would significantly expand the current arsenal for asymmetric metal catalysis. Herein, we report the development of a highly enantioselective Ir(III)-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)-H amidation reaction of dioxazolone substrates for synthesis of optically enriched γ-lactams using a newly designed α-amino-acid-based chiral ligand. This Ir-catalyzed reaction proceeds with excellent efficiency and with outstanding enantioselectivity for both activated and unactivated alkyl C(sp3)-H bonds under very mild conditions. It offers the first general route for asymmetric synthesis of γ-alkyl γ-lactams. Water was found to be a unique cosolvent to achieve excellent enantioselectivity for γ-aryl lactam production. Mechanistic studies revealed that the ligands form a well-defined groove-type chiral pocket around the Ir center. The hydrophobic effect of this pocket allows facile stereocontrolled binding of substrates in polar or aqueous media. Instead of capitalizing on steric repulsions as in the conventional approaches, this new Ir catalyst operates through an unprecedented enantiocontrol mechanism for intramolecular nitrenoid C-H insertion featuring multiple attractive noncovalent interactions.