71138-64-2Relevant articles and documents
Elongation and branching of a-olefins by two ethylene molecules
Dietel, Thomas,Lukas, Fabian,Kretschmer, Winfried P.,Kempe, Rhett
, p. 1021 - 1024 (2022/03/15)
a-Olefins are important starting materials for the production of plastics, pharmaceuticals, and fine and bulk chemicals. However, the selective synthesis of a-olefins from ethylene, a highly abundant and inexpensive feedstock, is restricted, and thus a broadly applicable selective a-olefin synthesis using ethylene is highly desirable. Here, we report the catalytic reaction of an a-olefin with two ethylene molecules. The first ethylene molecule forms a 4-ethyl branch and the second a new terminal carbon-carbon double bond (C2 elongation). The key to this reaction is the development of a highly active and stable molecular titanium catalyst that undergoes extremely fast b-hydride elimination and transfer.
Iron-catalyzed alkenylation of Grignard reagents by enol phosphates
Cahiez, Gerard,Gager, Olivier,Habiak, Vanessa
experimental part, p. 2636 - 2644 (2009/04/07)
Stereoselective preparation of trisubstituted olefins can be easily performed from an Z/E-mixture of enol phosphates by reacting only the E-isomer with a Grignard reagent in the presence of Fe(acac)3. This procedure combines a kinetic differentiation and a stereoselective reaction. The coupling is very chemoselective in the presence of an alkyl chloride, an ester, a ketone or a nitrile. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Multiple mechanistic pathways for zirconium-catalyzed carboalumination of alkynes. Requirements for cyclic carbometalation processes involving C-H activation
Negishi, Ei-Ichi,Kondakov, Denis Y.,Choueiry, Danièle,Kasai, Kayoko,Takahashi, Tamotsu
, p. 9577 - 9588 (2007/10/03)
The reactions of internal and terminal alkynes with organoalanes containing Et, n-Pr, and i-Bu groups in the presence of Cp2ZrCl2 and MeZrCp2Cl were investigated with the goal of clarifying mechanistic details of some representative cases. Three fundamentally different processes, i.e., (i) C-M bond addition without C-H activation in the alkyl group, (ii) cyclic C-M bond addition via C-H activation, and (iii) hydrometalation, have been observed, and the courses of these reactions significantly depend on (i) the nature and number of alkyl groups in organoalanes, (ii) their amounts, and (iii) solvents. The reaction of alkynes with Et3Al in the presence of 0.1 equiv of Cp2ZrCl2 in nonpolar solvents, e.g., hexanes, proceeds via C-H activation to give the corresponding aluminacyclopentenes. Investigation of the reaction of 5-decyne with 1-3 equiv of Et3Al and 1 equiv of Cp2ZrCl2, which gave mono-, di-, or trideuterated (Z)-5-ethyl-5-decene as shown, together with the previously reported structural study on the reaction of Et3Al with Cp2ZrCl2 leading to the formation of well-characterized bimetallic species 9, 10, and 11, supports a catalytic cycle involving bimetallic species 10 and 18. In summary, this process requires a zirconocene derivative containing one Zr-bound Et group which is linked to Et3Al (but not to Et2AlCl) through a Cl bridge, i.e., 18, to produce 10 via β C-H activation. In sharp contrast, the reaction of Et2AlCl-Cp2ZrCl2 as well as of (n-Pr)2AlCl-Cp2ZrCl2 does not involve any C-H activation processes. It proceeds well in chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, e.g., (CH2Cl)2, but it is extremely sluggish in nonpolar solvents, e.g., hexanes. The reaction may well involve direct C-Al bond addition to alkynes, as suggested earlier for Zr-catalyzed Me-Al bond addition to alkynes, but a few other alternatives cannot be ruled out on the basis of the currently available data. The reaction of alkynes with (n-Pr)3Al-Cp2ZrCl2 in nonpolar solvents proceeds partially via C-H activation and partially via hydrometalation. In contrast with the C-H activation process observed with Et3Al, that with (n-Pr)3Al is totally dominated by dimerization of alkynes to give aluminacyclopentadienes rather than aluminacyclopentenes, reflecting a previously established generalization that propene can be much more readily displaced from Zr by alkynes than ethylene. Hydrometalation is the exclusive process with (i-Bu)3Al-Cp2ZrCl2. This hydrometalation reaction, however, reveals a few interesting complications. Alkyl-substituted internal alkynes give double bond migrated products in addition to the expected hydrometalation products. With terminal alkynes the reaction produces the expected hydrometalation products and the 1,1-dimetalloalkanes in comparable yields. Various other related reactions involving other alkynes, e.g., PhC≡CPh, n-OctC≡CH, and PhC≡CH, and other reagents, e.g., Et3Al-MeZrCp2Cl, Et2AlCl-MeZrCp2Cl, and (n-Pr)3Al-MeZrCp2Cl, were also studied.
