89900-98-1Relevant articles and documents
LiCl-Accelerated multimetallic cross-coupling of aryl chlorides with aryl triflates
Huang, Liangbin,Ackerman, Laura K. G.,Kang, Kai,Parsons, Astrid M.,Weix, Daniel J.
supporting information, p. 10978 - 10983 (2019/08/07)
While the synthesis of biaryls has advanced rapidly in the past decades, cross-Ullman couplings of aryl chlorides, the most abundant aryl electrophiles, have remained elusive. Reported here is the first general cross-Ullman coupling of aryl chlorides with aryl triflates. The selectivity challenge associated with coupling an inert electrophile with a reactive one is overcome using a multimetallic strategy with the appropriate choice of additive. Studies demonstrate that LiCl is essential for effective cross-coupling by accelerating the reduction of Ni(II) to Ni(0) and counteracting autoinhibition of reduction at Zn(0) by Zn(II) salts. The modified conditions tolerate a variety of functional groups on either coupling partner (42 examples), and examples include a three-step synthesis of flurbiprofen.
Efficient cobalt-catalyzed formation of unsymmetrical biaryl compounds and its application in the synthesis of a sartan intermediate
Amatore, Muriel,Gosmini, Corinne
supporting information; experimental part, p. 2089 - 2092 (2009/02/06)
(Chemical Equation Presented) No prior preparation of the organometallic reagent is required in a cobalt-catalyzed coupling of two different aryl halides under mild conditions (see scheme). A broad spectrum of valuable biaryl compounds can be prepared in this way. Not only may a variety of reactive substituents be present, but heteroaryl halides and aryl triflates are also suitable substrates. DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, FG = functional group.
The Effects of Substituents on the Rate of Saponification of Biphenyl-4-carboxylates
Ananthakrishnanadar, Ponnambalanad.,Kannan, Nagarathnam
, p. 35 - 38 (2007/10/02)
Second-order rate constants have been measured for the saponification of methyl 2'-, 3'-, and 4'-substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylates at several temperatures in 85percent (w/w) methanol-water and activation parameters have been calculated.The Hammett equation applies very well to the saponification of 3'- and 4'-substituted biphenyl-4-carboxylates with ?-constants evaluated by the FMMF method.The effect of 2'-substituents is understandable in terms of ?-electron steric effects.