94-30-4Relevant articles and documents
Mechanistic insight into the synergistic Cu/Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides using alcohols and dioxygen as the carbonyl source
Li, Junxuan,Zhou, Jinlei,Wang, Yumei,Yu, Yue,Liu, Qiang,Yang, Tilong,Chen, Huoji,Cao, Hua
, p. 68 - 74 (2021/11/16)
Pd-catalyzed carbonylation, as an efficient synthetic approach to the installation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds, has been one of the most important research fields in the past decade. Although elegant reactions that allow highly selective carbonylations have been developed, straightforward routes with improved reaction activity and broader substrate scope remain long-term challenges for new practical applications. Here, we show a new type of synergistic Cu/Pd-catalyzed carbonylation reaction using alcohols and dioxgen as the carbonyl sources. A broad range of aryl iodides and alcohols are compatible with this protocol. The reaction is concise and practical due to the ready availability of the starting materials and the scalability of the reaction. In addition, the reaction affords lactones and lactams in an intermolecular fashion. Moreover, DFT calculations have been performed to study the detailed mechanisms. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
A Bifunctional Copper Catalyst Enables Ester Reduction with H2: Expanding the Reactivity Space of Nucleophilic Copper Hydrides
Kaicharla, Trinadh,Ngoc, Trung Tran,Teichert, Johannes F.,Tzaras, Dimitrios-Ioannis,Zimmermann, Birte M.
supporting information, p. 16865 - 16873 (2021/10/20)
Employing a bifunctional catalyst based on a copper(I)/NHC complex and a guanidine organocatalyst, catalytic ester reductions to alcohols with H2 as terminal reducing agent are facilitated. The approach taken here enables the simultaneous activation of esters through hydrogen bonding and formation of nucleophilic copper(I) hydrides from H2, resulting in a catalytic hydride transfer to esters. The reduction step is further facilitated by a proton shuttle mediated by the guanidinium subunit. This bifunctional approach to ester reductions for the first time shifts the reactivity of generally considered "soft"copper(I) hydrides to previously unreactive "hard"ester electrophiles and paves the way for a replacement of stoichiometric reducing agents by a catalyst and H2.
Design and synthesis of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile hybrids as COX-2 inhibitors: Anti-inflammatory activity, ulcerogenic liability, histopathological and docking studies
Alfayomy, Abdallah M.,Abdel-Aziz, Salah A.,Marzouk, Adel A.,Shaykoon, Montaser Sh. A.,Narumi, Atsushi,Konno, Hiroyuki,Abou-Seri, Sahar M.,Ragab, Fatma A.F.
, (2021/01/04)
Two new series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole and coumarin derivatives based on pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile scaffold have been synthesized and evaluated for their COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity. Compounds 10c, 10e, 10h-j, 14e-f, 14i and 16 were found to be the most potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2 (IC50 0.041–0.081 μM, SI 139.74–321.95). Eight compounds were further investigated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The most active derivatives 10c, 10j and 14e displayed superior in vivo anti-inflammatory activity (% edema inhibition 39.3–48.3, 1 h; 58.4–60.5, 2 h; 70.8–83.2, 3 h; 78.9–89.5, 4 h) to the reference drug celecoxib (% edema inhibition 38.0, 1 h; 48.8, 2 h; 58.4, 3 h; 65.4, 4 h). These derivatives were also tested for their ulcerogenic liability, compound 10j showed better safety profile with reference to celecoxib while 10c and 14e exhibited mild lesions. Molecular docking studies of 10c, 10j, and 14e in the COX-2 active site revealed similar orientation and binding interactions as selective COX-2 inhibitors with a higher liability to access the selectivity side pocket.
