Officially known as the State of Qatar, the country is ruled by His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al Thani, the Emir, and is Heired by His Highness Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani, the Heir Apparent. Qatar is a peninsula situated towards the South-West of the Arabian Gulf, and is bordered by Saudi Arabia through a land passage at its south-western borderline; the country gained its independence from Britain on September 3, 1971. The Economy: The country is rich in gas and oil reserves, ra...