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micafungin sodium Mycamine Micafungin
Micafungin |
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Micafungin is an echinocandin antifungal drug. Micafungin is indicated for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, Candida peritonitis, abscesses and esophageal candidiasis. Since January 23, 2008.It inhibits the production of beta-1,3-glucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls. Micafungin is administered intravenously. It received final approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on March 16, 2005, and gained approval in the European Union on April 25, 2008.
Indications Micafungin is indicated for the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, Candida peritonitis, abscesses and esophageal candidiasis. Since January 23, 2008, micafungin has been approved for the prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Micafungin works by way of concentration-dependent inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase resulting in reduced formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, which is an essential polysaccharide comprising one-third of the majority of Candida spp. cell walls. This decreased glucan production leads to osmotic instability and thus cellular lysis. Contraindications Known hypersensitivity to micafungin or any other ingredient contained in the formulation is a contraindication for its use. Dosage For the treatment of candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, Candida peritonitis, and abscesses, the dosage of micafungin is 100 mg once daily. For the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, the dosage is 150 mg once daily. For prophylaxis of Candida infections in HSCT recipients, the dosage is 50 mg once daily. The metabolism of micafungin occurs hepatically as the drug molecule is a substrate of CYP3A4, a liver enzyme. Precautions should be taken with regards to dosing, as micafungin also inhibits its own clearance via weak CYP3A4 inhibition Dosage forms Micafungin is a natural antifungal product derived from other fungi as a defense mechanism for competition of nutrients, etc. To be specific, micafungin is derived from FR901379, and is produced by Coleophoma empetri Mycamine 100mg for IV infusion (manufacturer Astellas) Brand names in countries other than the US may vary. Mycamine is a sterile, lyophilized product for intravenous (IV) infusion that contains micafungin sodium. Micafungin sodium is a semisynthetic lipopeptide (echinocandin) synthesized by a chemical modification of a fermentation product of Coleophoma empetri F-11899. Micafungin inhibits the synthesis of 1, 3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. Each single-use vial contains 50 mg or 100 mg micafungin sodium, 200 mg lactose, with citric acid and/or sodium hydroxide (used for pH adjustment). Mycamine must be diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP [see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION]. Following reconstitution with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, the resulting pH of the solution is between 5-7. Micafungin sodium is chemically designated as: Pneumocandin A0,1-[(4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-N2-[4-[5-[4-(pentyloxy)phenyl]-3isoxazolyl]benzoyl]-L-ornithine]-4-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)phenyl]-Lthreonine]-, monosodium salt. The empirical/molecular formula is C56H70N9NaO23S and the formula weight is 1292.26. Micafungin sodium is a light-sensitive, hygroscopic white powder that is freely soluble in water, isotonic sodium chloride solution, N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and practically insoluble in acetonitrile, ethyl alcohol (95%), acetone, diethyl ether and n-hexane. |
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Micafungin sodium is a light-sensitive, hygroscopic white powder that is freely soluble in water, isotonic sodium chloride solution, N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and practically insoluble in acetonitrile, ethyl alcohol (95%), acetone, diethyl ether and n-hexane. DESCRIPTION Micafungin sodium is a sterile, lyophilized product for intravenous (IV) infusion that contains micafungin sodium. Micafungin sodium is a semisynthetic lipopeptide (echinocandin) synthesized by a chemical modification of a fermentation product ofColeophoma empetri F-11899. Micafungin inhibits the synthesis of 1, 3-β-D-glucan,an integral component of the fungal cell wall.Each single-use vial contains 50 mg or 100 mg micafungin sodium, 200 mg lactose,with citric acid and/or sodium hydroxide (used for pH adjustment). MYCAMINE mustbe diluted with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, or 5% Dextrose Injection,USP (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION). Following reconstitution with 0.9%Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, the resulting pH of the solution is between 5.0-7.0.Micafungin sodium is chemically designated as: Pneumocandin A0,1-[(4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-N2[4-[5-[4-(pentyloxy)phenyl]-3- isoxazolyl]benzoyl]-L-ornithine]-4-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-4-[4-hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)phenyl]-L-threonine]-, monosodium salt.The empirical/molecular formula is C56H70N9NaO23S and the formula weight is 1292.26.Micafungin sodium is a light-sensitive, hygroscopic white powder that is freely soluble in water, isotonic sodium chloride solution, N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and practically insoluble in acetonitrile, ethyl alcohol (95%), acetone, diethyl ether and n-hexane. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetics of micafungin were determined in healthy subjects,hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, and patients with esophageal candidiasis up to a maximum daily dose of 8 mg/kg body weight.The relationship of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to micafungin dose was linear over the daily dose range of 50 mg to 150 mg and 3 mg/kg to 8 mg/kg body weight.Steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters in relevant patient populations after repeated daily administration are presented in the table below. Distribution The mean ± standard deviation volume of distribution of micafungin at terminalphase was 0.39 ± 0.11 L/kg body weight when determined in adult patients withesophageal candidiasis at the dose range of 50 mg to 150 mg.Micafungin is highly (>99%) protein bound in vitro, independent of plasmaconcentrations over the range of 10 to 100 mcg/mL. The primary binding protein is albumin; however, micafungin, at therapeutically relevant concentrations, does notcompetitively displace bilirubin binding to albumin. Micafungin also binds to a lesser.extent to α1-acid-glycoprotein. Metabolism Micafungin is metabolized to M-1 (catechol form) by arylsulfatase, with further metabolism to M-2 (methoxy form) by catechol-O-methyltransferase. M-5 is formed by hydroxylation at the side chain (ω-1 position) of micafungin catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes. Even though micafungin is a substrate for and a weak inhibitor of CYP3A in vitro, hydroxylation by CYP3A is not a major pathway for micafungin metabolism in vivo. Micafungin is neither a P-glycoprotein substrate nor inhibitor in vitro. In four healthy volunteer studies, the ratio of metabolite to parent exposure (AUC) at a dose of 150 mg/day was 6% for M-1, 1% for M-2, and 6% for M-5. In patients with esophageal candidiasis, the ratio of metabolite to parent exposure (AUC) at a dose of 150 mg/day was 11% for M-1, 2% for M-2, and 12% for M-5. Excretion The excretion of radioactivity following a single intravenous dose of 14C-micafungin sodium for injection (25 mg) was evaluated in healthy volunteers. At 28 days after administration, mean urinary and fecal recovery of total radioactivity accounted for 82.5% (76.4 to 87.9%) of the administered dose. Fecal excretion is the major route of elimination (total radioactivity at 28 days was 71.0% of the administered dose). Special Populations MYCAMINE disposition has been studied in a variety of populations as described below. Race and Gender No dose adjustment of MYCAMINE is required based on gender or race. After 14 daily doses of 150 mg to healthy subjects, micafungin AUC in women was greater by approximately 23% compared with men, due to smaller body weight. No notable differences among white, black, and Hispanic subjects were seen. The micafungin AUC was greater by 26% in Japanese subjects compared to blacks, due to smaller body weight. Renal Insufficiency MYCAMINE does not require dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment. A single 1-hour infusion of 100 mg MYCAMINE was administered to 9 subjects with severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) and to 9 age-, gender-, and weight-matched subjects with normal renal function (creatinine clearance >80 mL/min). The maximum concentration (Cmax) and AUC were not significantly altered by severe renal impairment. Since micafungin is highly protein bound, it is not dialyzable. Supplementary dosing should not be required following hemodialysis. 3 Hepatic Insufficiency A single 1-hour infusion of 100 mg MYCAMINE was administered to 8 subjects with moderate hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh score 7-9) and 8 age-, gender-, and weight-matched subjects with normal hepatic function. The Cmax and AUC values of micafungin were lower by approximately 22% in subjects with moderate hepatic insufficiency. This difference in micafungin exposure does not require dose adjustment of MYCAMINE in patients with moderate hepatic impairment. The pharmacokinetics of MYCAMINE have not been studied in patients with severe hepatic insufficiency. Geriatric The exposure and disposition of a 50 mg MYCAMINE dose administered as a single 1-hour infusion to 10 healthy subjects aged 66-78 years were not significantly different from those in 10 healthy subjects aged 20-24 years. No dose adjustment is necessary for the elderly. MICROBIOLOGY Mechanism of Action Micafungin, the active ingredient in MYCAMINE, inhibits the synthesis of 1,3-β-Dglucan, an essential component of fungal cell walls, which is not present in mammalian cells. Activity In Vitro Micafungin exhibited in-vitro activity against C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Standardized susceptibility testing methods for 1,3- β-D-glucan synthesis inhibitors have not been established, and the results of susceptibility studies do not correlate with clinical outcome. Activity In Vivo Micafungin sodium has shown activity in both mucosal and disseminated murine models of candidiasis. Micafungin sodium, administered to immunosuppressed mice in models of disseminated candidiasis prolonged survival and/or decreased the mycological burden. Drug Resistance The potential for development of drug resistance is not known. INDICATIONS AND USAGE MYCAMINE is indicated for: • Treatment of patients with esophageal candidiasis (see CLINICAL STUDIES, MICROBIOLOGY) • Prophylaxis of Candida infections in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (see CLINICAL STUDIES, MICROBIOLOGY). 4 NOTE: The efficacy of MYCAMINE against infections caused by fungi other than Candida has not been established. CONTRAINDICATIONS MYCAMINE is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to any component of this product. WARNINGS: Isolated cases of serious hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid) reactions (including shock) have been reported in patients receiving MYCAMINE. If these reactions occur, MYCAMINE infusion should be discontinued and appropriate treatment administered. PRECAUTIONS Hepatic Effects Laboratory abnormalities in liver function tests have been seen in healthy volunteers and patients treated with MYCAMINE. In some patients with serious underlying conditions who were receiving MYCAMINE along with multiple concomitant medications, clinical hepatic abnormalities have occurred, and isolated cases of significant hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis, or worsening hepatic failure have been reported. Patients who develop abnormal liver function tests during MYCAMINE therapy should be monitored for evidence of worsening hepatic function and evaluated for the risk/benefit of continuing MYCAMINE therapy. Renal Effects Elevations in BUN and creatinine, and isolated cases of significant renal dysfunction or acute renal failure have been reported in patients who received MYCAMINE. In controlled trials, the incidence of drug-related renal adverse events was 0.4% for MYCAMINE treated patients and 0.5% for fluconazole treated patients. Patients who develop abnormal renal function tests during MYCAMINE therapy should be monitored for evidence of worsening renal function. Hematological Effects Acute intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria was seen in a healthy volunteer during infusion of MYCAMINE (200 mg) and oral prednisolone (20 mg). This event was transient, and the subject did not develop significant anemia. Isolated cases of significant hemolysis and hemolytic anemia have also been reported in patients treated with MYCAMINE. Patients who develop clinical or laboratory evidence of hemolysis or hemolytic anemia during MYCAMINE therapy should be monitored closely for evidence of worsening of these conditions and evaluated for the risk/benefit of continuing MYCAMINE therapy. Drug Interactions A total of 11 clinical drug-drug interaction studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate the potential for interaction between MYCAMINE and mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, prednisolone, sirolimus, nifedipine, 5 fluconazole, ritonavir, and rifampin. In these studies, no interaction that altered the pharmacokinetics of micafungin was observed. There was no effect of a single dose or multiple doses of MYCAMINE on mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, prednisolone, and fluconazole pharmacokinetics. Sirolimus AUC was increased by 21% with no effect on Cmax in the presence of steady-state MYCAMINE compared with sirolimus alone. Nifedipine AUC and Cmax were increased by 18% and 42%, respectively, in the presence of steady-state MYCAMINE compared with nifedipine alone. Patients receiving sirolimus or nifedipine in combination with MYCAMINE should be monitored for sirolimus or nifedipine toxicity and sirolimus or nifedipine dosage should be reduced if necessary. Micafungin is not an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein and, therefore, would not be expected to alter P-glycoprotein-mediated drug transport activity. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis and Impairment of Fertility Hepatic carcinomas and adenomas were observed in a 6-month intravenous toxicology study with an 18-month recovery period of micafungin sodium in rats designed to assess the reversibility of hepatocellular lesions. Rats administered micafungin sodium for 3 months at 32 mg/kg/day (corresponding to 8 times the highest recommended human dose [150 mg/day], based on AUC comparisons), exhibited colored patches/zones, multinucleated hepatocytes and altered hepatocellular foci after 1 or 3 month recovery periods, and adenomas were observed after a 21-month recovery period. Rats administered micafungin sodium at the same dose for 6 months exhibited adenomas after a 12-month recovery period; after an 18-month recovery period, an increased incidence of adenomas was observed, and additionally, carcinomas were detected. A lower dose of micafungin sodium (equivalent to 5 times the human AUC) in the 6-month rat study resulted in a lower incidence of adenomas and carcinomas following 18 months recovery. The duration of micafungin dosing in these rat studies (3 or 6 months) exceeds the usual duration of MYCAMINE dosing in patients, which is typically less than 1 month for treatment of esophageal candidiasis, but dosing may exceed 1 month for Candida prophylaxis. Although the increase in carcinomas in the 6-month rat study did not reach statistical significance, the persistence of altered hepatocellular foci subsequent to micafungin dosing, and the presence of adenomas and carcinomas in the recovery periods suggest a causal relationship between micafungin sodium, altered hepatocellular foci, and hepatic neoplasms. Whole-life carcinogenicity studies of MYCAMINE in animals have not been conducted, and it is not known whether the 6 hepatic neoplasms observed in treated rats also occur in other species, or if there is a dose threshold for this effect. Micafungin sodium was not mutagenic or clastogenic when evaluated in a standard battery of in-vitro and in-vivo tests (i.e., bacterial reversion - S. typhimurium, E. coli; chromosomal aberration; intravenous mouse micronucleus). Male rats treated intravenously with micafungin sodium for 9 weeks showed vacuolation of the epididymal ductal epithelial cells at or above 10 mg/kg (about 0.6 times the recommended clinical dose for esophageal candidiasis, based on body surface area comparisons). Higher doses (about twice the recommended clinical dose, based on body surface area comparisons) resulted in higher epididymis weights and reduced numbers of sperm cells. In a 39-week intravenous study in dogs, seminiferous tubular atrophy and decreased sperm in the epididymis were observed at 10 and 32 mg/kg, doses equal to about 2 and 7 times the recommended clinical dose, based on body surface area comparisons. There was no impairment of fertility in animal studies with micafungin sodium. Pregnancy Category C Micafungin sodium administration to pregnant rabbits (intravenous dosing on days 6 to 18 of gestation) resulted in visceral abnormalities and abortion at 32 mg/kg, a dose equivalent to about four times the recommended dose based on body surface area comparisons. Visceral abnormalities included abnormal lobation of the lung, levocardia, retrocaval ureter, anomalous right subclavian artery, and dilatation of the ureter. However, adequate, well-controlled studies were not conducted in pregnant women. Animal studies are not always predictive of human response; therefore, MYCAMINE should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers Micafungin was found in the milk of lactating, drug-treated rats. It is not known whether micafungin is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when MYCAMINE is administered to a nursing woman. Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of MYCAMINE in pediatric patients has not been established in clinical studies. Geriatric Use A total of 186 subjects in clinical studies of MYCAMINE were 65 years of age and older, and 41 subjects were 75 years of age and older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. 7 ADVERSE REACTIONS General Possible histamine-mediated symptoms have been reported with MYCAMINE, including rash, pruritus, facial swelling, and vasodilatation. Injection site reactions, including phlebitis and thrombophlebitis have been reported, at MYCAMINE doses of 50-150 mg/day. These events tended to occur more often in patients receiving MYCAMINE via peripheral intravenous administration. Clinical Adverse Experiences Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of MYCAMINE cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The adverse reaction information from clinical trials does provide a basis for identifying adverse events that appear to be related to drug use and for approximating rates. Esophageal Candidiasis In a phase 3, randomized, double-blind study for treatment of esophageal candidiasis, a total of 202/260 (77.7%) patients who received MYCAMINE 150 mg/day and 186/258 (72.1%) patients who received intravenous fluconazole 200 mg/day experienced an adverse event. Adverse events considered to be drugrelated occurred in 72 (27.7%) and 55 (21.3%) patients in the MYCAMINE and fluconazole treatment groups, respectively. Drug-related adverse events resulting in discontinuation were reported in 6 (2.3%) MYCAMINE treated patients; and in 2 (0.8%) fluconazole treated patients. Rash and delirium were the most common drug-related adverse events resulting in MYCAMINE discontinuation. Drug-related adverse experiences occurring in ≥0.5% of the patients in either treatment group. |
Packaging The packaging can be customized, normally, 1kgs/Tin, or 5kgs/Tin or per drums |
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Top Pharm Chemical Group is specialized in the New Drug Researching and Developing, and mainly manufacture Chemical Intermediates, Pharmaceutical APIs and Pilot Production. To meet customers regulatory needs, we can offer products from gram to kilo and tons scale, and we can also support our customers with the DMF and other documents to Complete the registration. Our Targets: "Best Technic; Better Quality; Better Price; Better Service" Main Products: Anidulafungin,Micafungin,Caspofungin,Posaconazole etc. (Anti-Infective) Ixabepilone, Argatroban, Decitabine, Everolimus etc. (Anti-Tumor) Epothilone B, Tacrolimus, Rapamycin,Temsirolimus etc. (Fermentation) Bimatoprost, Latanoprost, Travoprost, Cloprostenol etc.(Prostaglandins) |
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