4-Aminobutyric acid 56-12-2

Superiority:

Product Name: 4-Aminobutyric acid
Synonyms: 4-AMINOBUTANOIC ACID;4-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID;4-AMINO-N-BUTYRIC ACID;ALPHA-AMINOBUTANOIC ACID;AMINOBUTYRIC ACID, 4-;AMINOBUTYRIC-4 ACID;AURORA KA-1053;H-4-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID
CAS: 56-12-2
MF: C4H9NO2
MW: 103.12
EINECS: 200-258-6
Product Categories: Pharmaceutical intermediates;Peptide;Amino Acids;Biochemistry;non-Proteinorganic Amino Acids;omega-Aminocarboxylic Acids;omega-Functional Alkanols, Carboxylic Acids, Amines & Halides;Amino Acids;Food Additives;Starting Raw Materials & Intermediates;Pharmaceutical Raw Materials;API;Aliphatics;Amino Acids & Derivatives;GABA;GABA/Glycine receptor
Mol File: 56-12-2.mol

4-Aminobutyric acid Chemical Properties
Melting point  195 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling point  248.0±23.0 °C(Predicted)
density  1.2300 (estimate)
FEMA  4288 | 4-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID
refractive index  1.4650 (estimate)
storage temp.  Store at RT.
solubility  H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka 4.031(at 25℃)
form  Powder
color  White to almost white
Water Solubility  SOLUBLE
Merck  14,430
JECFA Number 1771
BRN  906818
InChIKey BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference 56-12-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference 4-Aminobutanoic acid(56-12-2)
EPA Substance Registry System 4-Aminobutanoic acid (56-12-2)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes  Xi,Xn
Risk Statements  36/37/38-20/21/22
Safety Statements  26-36
WGK Germany  2
RTECS  ES6300000
Hazard Note  Irritant
TSCA  Yes
HS Code  29224995

Biological Functions Neuro transmitter
In vertebrates, GABA acts at inhibitory synapses in the brain by binding to specific transmembrane receptors in the plasma membrane of both pre- and postsynaptic neuronal processes. This binding causes the opening of ion channels to allow the flow of either negatively charged chloride ions into the cell or positively charged potassium ions out of the cell. This action results in a negative change in the transmembrane potential, usually causing hyperpolarization. Two general classes of GABA receptor are known: GABAA in which the receptor is part of a ligand-gated ion channel complex, and GABAB metabotropic receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors that open or close ion channels via intermediaries (G proteins).
Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called GABAergic neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate. Medium Spiny Cells are a typical example of inhibitory CNS GABAergic cells. In contrast, GABA exhibits both excitatory and inhibitory actions in insects, mediating muscle activation at synapses between nerves and muscle cells, and also the stimulation of certain glands. In mammals, some GABAergic neurons, such as chandelier cells, are also able to excite their glutamatergic counterparts.
Brain development
While GABA is an inhibitory transmitter in the mature brain, its actions are primarily excitatory in the developing brain. The gradient of chloride is reversed in immature neurons, and its reversal potential is higher than the resting membrane potential of the cell; activation of a GABA-A receptor thus leads to efflux of Cl- ions from the cell, i.e. a depolarizing current. The differential gradient of chloride in immature neurons is primarily due to the higher concentration of NKCC1 co-transporters relative to KCC2 cotransporters in immature cells. GABA itself is partially responsible for orchestrating the maturation of ion pumps . GABA-ergic interneurons mature faster in the hippocampus and the GABA signalling machinery appears earlier than glutamatergic transmission. Thus, GABA is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in many regions of the brain before the maturation of glutamateergic synapses.
Beyond the nervous system
GABAergic mechanisms have been demonstrated in various peripheral tissues and organs including, but not restricted to the intestine, stomach, pancreas, Fallopian tube, uterus, ovary, testis, kidney, urinary bladder, lung, and liver.