Vaccinium macrocarpon,ext.

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Basic structure basic structure the anthocyanins belong to the kind of flavonoids phenolic compounds (flavonoids). Basic structure contains two benzene rings, and by a 3 carbon unit links (C6-the anthocyanins C3-C6). Through the anthocyanins phenylmalnate acid path and flavonoids generation born synthetic way, by a lot of enzyme catalysis regulation. To geranium pigment (pelargonidin), the knapweed in grain (cyanidin), flower cui element (delphinidin), herbaceous peony flowers glucoside ligands (peonidin), petunias glucoside ligands (petunidin) and unisexual pigment (malvidin) six kind of match carbohydrate body (aglycone) give priority to. Because of the anthocyanins with hydroxyl number (OH), methylation (methylation), carbohydrate and change (glycosylation) number, carbohydrate kind and connection position other factors and present different color (fan and the high, 1998). The performance of the biochemical environment because of the color of the changed conditions, such as by the anthocyanins color role of concentration, and liquid cell in the influence of the numerical pH (Clifford, 2000). Orange and yellow is the role of carotene. 1910 in carrot found beta carotene, later was found two of carotene isomers, it is respectively: alpha, beta, γ three isomers. 1958 beta carotene patents (US2849495, on August 26, 1958, the patent holder: Hoffmann La Roche), mainly from the extraction, can also be artificial synthesis. There are more than 300 different nature of the anthocyanins. They come from different kinds of fruits and vegetables, such as the purple sweet potato, blueberries, cranberries, blueberries, grape, the elder red, black gallons, violet carrots and red cabbage, color from red to blue. The main contains delphinium anthocyanins meat (Delchindin), the knapweed in grain (Cyanidin), morning glory pigment (Petunidin), herbaceous peony flowers pigment (Peonidin). The anthocyanins color with PH value changing from when PH value for 3 when the raspberry red to when the PH value of the deep blue for 5 red berries. In most applications, the pigment has good light, heat and PH stability, and can withstand the pap and UHT heat treatment. The anthocyanins widely applied in beverage, candy, jelly and jam. Anthocyanins purple sweet potato in different PH value of color changes.