Hydrofluoric acid Basic information |
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Hydrofluoric acid Chemical Properties |
mp |
-35°C |
bp |
105°C |
density |
1.15 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) |
vapor density |
1.27 (vs air) |
vapor pressure |
25 mm Hg ( 20 °C) |
Fp |
112°C |
Water Solubility |
soluble |
Sensitive |
Hygroscopic |
Merck |
14,4790 |
Stability: |
Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with glass, alkali metals, light metals, alkaline earth metals |
CAS DataBase Reference |
7664-39-3(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference |
Hydrogen fluoride(7664-39-3) |
EPA Substance Registry System |
Hydrofluoric acid(7664-39-3) |
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Hydrofluoric acid Usage And Synthesis |
Chemical Properties |
colourless gas with a pungent odour |
Air & Water Reactions |
Fumes in air. Fumes are highly irritating, corrosive, and poisonous. Generates much heat on dissolution [Merck, 11th ed., 1989]. Heat can cause spattering, fuming, etc. |
Reactivity Profile |
Hydrofluoric acid attacks glass and any other silica containing material. May react with common metals (iron, steel) to generate flammable hydrogen gas if diluted below 65% with water. Reacts exothermically with chemical bases (examples: amines, amides, inorganic hydroxides). Can initiate polymerization in certain alkenes. Reacts with cyanide salts and compounds to release gaseous hydrogen cyanide. May generate flammable and/or toxic gases with dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, nitriles, sulfides. Additional gas-generating reactions may occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and carbonates. Can catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions. Reacts explosively with cyanogen fluoride, methanesulfonic acid or glycerol mixed with nitric acid. Reacts violently with arsenic trioxide, phosphorus pentachloride, acetic anhydride, alkali metals, ammonium hydroxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylenediamine, fluorine, potassium permanganate, oleum, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, mercury(II) oxide. Emits highly corrosive fumes of hydrogen fluoride gas when heated [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1839]. Contact with many silicon compounds and metal silicides causes violent evolution of gaseous silicon tetrafluoride [Mellor, 1956, Vol. 2, suppl. 1, p. 121]. |
Health Hazard |
Ingestion of an estimated 1.5 grams produced sudden death without gross pathological damage. Repeated ingestion of small amounts resulted in moderately advanced hardening of the bones. Contact of skin with anhydrous liquid produces severe burns. Inhalation of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride or hydrogen fluoride mist or vapors can cause severe respiratory tract irritation that may be fatal. |
Fire Hazard |
When heated, Hydrofluoric acid emits highly corrosive fumes of fluorides. Its corrosive action on metals can result in formation of hydrogen in containers and piping to create fire hazard. Toxic and irritating vapors are generated when heated. Will attack glass, concrete, and certain metals, especially those containing silica, such as cast iron. Will attack natural rubber, leather, and many organic materials. May generate flammable hydrogen gas in contact with some metals. |
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Hydrofluoric acid Preparation Products And Raw materials |
Raw materials |
Sulfuric acid -->SULFURIC ACID-->Calcium chloride-->Calcium chloride hexahydrate-->Calcium fluoride-->Microvoid filter film-->HYDROGEN FLUORIDE GAS |
Preparation Products |
Zinc tetrafluoroborate-->ZINC TETRAFLUOROBORATE HYDRATE-->3-TRIFLUOROMETHYL BENZOTRICHLORIDE-->1,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane-->Potassium fluoroaluminate-->1-CHLORO-3-FLUOROISOPROPANOL-->9-fluoro-11beta,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4,16-triene-3,20-dione 21-acetate -->emulsifier acid-->5-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-amine-->Boron trifluoride acetonitrile complex-->TANTALUM(V) OXIDE-->Potassium heptadecafluoro-1-octanesulfonate-->2,4-Dichlorobenzotrifluoride-->9-Fluoro-11,16,17,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-acetate-->2-Chloro-6-fluorotoluene-->Sevoflurane-->CHLOROTRIFLUOROMETHANE-->6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 17,21-di(acetate) -->6,9-Difluoropregn-4-ene-11,17,21-triol-3,20-dione17,21-diacetate-->1,3-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-benzene-->Sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate-->Lithium hexafluorophosphate-->Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate-->9-Fluoropregna-1,4-diene-11,17,21-triol-3,20-dione17,21-diacetate-->Potassium hexafluoraluminate-->Copper(II) borofluoride -->Barium fluoride-->Strontium fluoride-->Doxycycline-->Dichloromonofluoromethane-->Titanium tetrafluoride-->Magnesium fluoride-->1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane-->Lithium fluoride-->Neodymium trifluoride-->YTTRIUM FLUORIDE-->1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane-->Chromium(III) fluoride tetrahydrate-->CHROMIUM(III) FLUORIDE-->LANTHANUM FLUORIDE |
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