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Pepsin is a kind of endopeptidase that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides (that is, a protease). It is biologically produced in the animal stomach and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and many other animals, where it helps digest the proteins in food. Pepsin is an important acidic protease that is widely applied in the hydrolysis of proteins. It is used in collagen extraction in gelatin extractionas a rennet substituteand in digestibility therapy. Pepsin has been isolated and investigated from various mammals including: human, Japanese monkey, pig, bovine, goat, rat, and rabbit. Pepsin can be found primarily in the gastric juice of the stomach lumen and can be isolated from a variety of species such as human, cattles, sheeps, birds and fish. The main location of pepsin in mammals is the stomach (both the membrane and the gastric juice) but it can also be found in limited amounts in the blood, muscle and the urine.
There are several types of stomach pepsins, each has a distinct protein structure and enzymatic properties. Pepsin has a three-dimensional structure, of which one or more polypeptide chains twist and fold, bringing together a small number of amino acids to form the active site, or the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. Pepsin is an aspartic protease, using a catalytic aspartate in its active site.
Pepsin, an acidic protease, is the principal proteolytic enzyme of vertebrate gastric juice. Its inactive precursor, pepsinogen, is produced in stomach mucosa. Pepsin has a broad range of substrates and demonstrates an esterase activity. There are several minor pepsins designated "B", "C", and "D", the major component is "A" to which the following data applies. They are chromatographically separable. , Conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin, which involves releasing a peptide, may be an autocatalytic process involving self-cleavage by the zymogen. Peptides released on activation have pepsin inhibitory activity. CAS No: 9001-75-6 , Molecular Weight:, ~35kD, Source: Porcine stomach, Appearance: White to slight yellow, powder, Identification: Conforms, Loss on Drying: <5%, Protease Activity: >10,000U/mg, [The activity of pepsin (10,000U/mg) is the same as strength (1:10,000NF).], Solubility: Soluble in Water. Mostly insoluble in alcohol, Microbiology: Total Bacteria:, <10,000cfu/g, Yeast and Mold: <100cfu/g, Bile-Tolerant Gram-Negative Bacteria: <100cfu/g, E. coli: Negative/g, S. aurues: Negative/g, Salmonella: Negative/g, Optimum pH: ~1.0 for such substrates as casein or hemoglobin if the substrate is native. Inhibitors: Substrate-like epoxides, Storage and Stability: Powder may be stored at -20°C Stable for 6 months after receipt. Note: Meets or exceeds USP/NF Specifications
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