Therearereceptorsoncardiomyocytescalledβ-adrenergicreceptors.Thesereceptorsarestimulatedbymoleculessuchasnorepinephrineandepinephrine.Stimulation…
There are receptors on cardiomyocytes called β-adrenergic receptors. These receptors are stimulated by molecules such as norepinephrine andepinephrine. Stimulation of these receptors causes a cascade of events ultimately leading to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) within the cell. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate causes increase activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is a protein that phosphorylates many components within the cardiomyocytes and either activates or inhibits their action. Phosphodiesterases are enzymes responsible for the breakdown of cAMP. Therefore, when phosphodiesterases break down cAMP the amount of PKA within the cell decreases as well. Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor. This drug inhibits the action of phosphodiesterase-3 and thus prevents degradation of cAMP. With increase cAMP levels there is an increase activation of PKA. This PKA will phosphorylate many components of the cardiomyocyte such as calcium channels and components of the myofilaments. Phosphorylation of calcium channels permits an increase in calcium influx into the cell. This increase in calcium influx permits increased contractility. PKA also phosphorylates potassium channels promoting their action. Potassium channels are responsible forrepolarization of the cardiomyocytes therefore increasing the rate at which cells can depolarize View All
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