Sodium hydrate caustic soda Lye NaOH
Pure sodium hydroxide is a white solid, available in pellets, flakes, granules, and also 50% saturated solution. It is deliquescent and also readily absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, so it should be stored in an airtight container. It is very soluble in water with liberation of heat. It also dissolves in ethanol and methanol, though it exhibits lower solubility in these solvents than doespotassium hydroxide. It is insoluble in ether and other non-polar solvents. A sodium hydroxide solution will leave a yellow stain on fabric and paper.
NaOH | |
Molar mass | 39.9971 g mol−1 |
Appearance | White, waxy, opaque crystals |
Odor | odorless |
Density | 2.13 g/cm3 |
Melting point | 318 °C (604 °F; 591 K) |
Boiling point | 1,388 °C (2,530 °F; 1,661 K) |
418 g/L (0 °C) 1110 g/L (20 °C) 3370 g/L (100 °C) |
|
Solubility |
soluble in glycerol negligible in ammonia insoluble in ether slowly soluble in propylene glycol |
Solubility in methanol | 238 g/L |
Solubility in ethanol | <<139 g/L |
Vapor pressure | <2.4 kPa (at 20 °C) |
Basicity (pKb) | -0.56 (NaOH(aq) = Na+ + OH–) [5] |
−16.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index(nD)
|
1.3576 |
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