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Details:

Etonogestrel is the English/international nonproprietary name (INN) for a synthetic progestin (a form of progesterone) widely used in hormonal contraceptives. Below is a detailed breakdown:

1. Basic Information

Chemical Class: Third-generation progestogen (structurally related to desogestrel).

• Brand Names:

  • Nexplanon/Implanon: Subdermal contraceptive implant (etonogestrel + ethylene vinyl acetate).

  • NuvaRing: Vaginal ring (combined with ethinyl estradiol).

2. Pharmacology

• Mechanism of Action:

  • Binds to progesterone receptors, suppressing ovulation by inhibiting luteinizing hormone (LH).

  • Thickens cervical mucus (blocking sperm entry) and thins the endometrial lining (preventing implantation).

• Half-life: ~25–30 hours.

• Metabolism: Primarily hepatic (CYP3A4 enzymes).

3. Clinical Uses

• Contraception:

  • Implant: Single rod inserted under the skin of the upper arm, effective for 3 years.

  • Vaginal Ring: Worn for 3 weeks/month, releases hormones continuously.

• Other Applications:

  • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in specific cases.

  • Management of endometriosis or menstrual disorders.

4. Key Features

5. Chemical Structure

Derived from 19-nortestosterone, modified to enhance progestogenic activity and reduce androgenic effects.

Molecular formula: C??H??O?.

6. Safety Notes

Pregnancy: Avoid use (not teratogenic but contraindicated during pregnancy).

Drug Interactions: Strong CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampicin, carbamazepine) may reduce efficacy.

Summary

Etonogestrel is a potent synthetic progestin central to long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). Its primary role is to prevent pregnancy via multiple mechanisms, offering a convenient and highly effective option for birth control. Always consult healthcare providers for personalized advice.