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56-75-7 Chloramphenicol Amphicol
Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic which inhibits translation on the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase step.
Chloramphenicol is usually bacteristatic and effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.
Chloramphenicol exhibits anti-rickettsial activity and is also active against chlamydias of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group. Obtained from cultures of the soil bacterium Streptomyces venuzuelae isolated from the moon snail,Lunatia heros and produced synthetically. Useful for the selection of the bacterial CAT gene.
Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including most anaerobic organisms. Due to resistance and safety concerns, it is no longer a first-line agent for any indication in developed nations, although it is sometimes used topically for eye infections; nevertheless, the global problem of advancing bacterial resistance to newer drugs has led to renewed interest in its use. In low-income countries, chloramphenicol is still widely used because it is exceedingly inexpensive and readily available.
Application:
Chloramphenicol is used for the treatment of serious infections when the microorganism is resistant to less toxic antibiotics and also when its ability to penetrate to the site of the infection is superior to less toxic alternative antibiotics.
Chloramphenicol is used only when safer drugs are contraindicated;pregnancy,lactation,or known hypersensitivity to this drug also prohibits its use.
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