How does heparin lithium exert anticoagulant effect

Details:

Lithium heparin (CAS No.: 9045-22-1) is a common anticoagulant, especially in clinical biochemistry and chemical testing. Because of its minimum chelating performance, the least interference to water and the relatively low cation concentration, it is suggested to use anticoagulants in blood or plasma testing for chemical measurement. Heparin lithium does not contain foreign ions in general, so it is not used in the test of lithium in blood. So what is the anticoagulation mechanism of heparin lithium

Heparin affects many aspects of coagulation process:

(1) inhibition of prothrombin kinase formation: (enhancing the activity of antithrombin Ⅲ hundreds of times)

① Heparin combined with antithrombin Ⅲ (at- Ⅲ) to form heparin at- Ⅲ complex;

② At-Ⅲ is a serine protease inhibitor, which can inactivate the coagulation factors a, Xi a and Ⅹa with serine protease activity.

③ Heparin and at-Ⅲ δ The binding of amino lysine residues can accelerate the deactivation of coagulation factors, thus inhibiting the formation of prothrombin kinase and resisting the formation of prothrombin kinase.

(2) Interference with thrombin: after the combination of low dose heparin and at-Ⅲ, even the reaction site of at- Ⅲ (arginine residue) is more likely to combine with the active center of thrombin (serine residue) to form a stable thrombin antithrombin complex, which makes thrombin inactivated and inhibits the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

(3) Thrombin interferes with the activation of XIII factor, and affects the formation of insoluble fibrin; The normal activators VIII and V of thrombin were prevented. (4) prevent platelet aggregation and destruction: heparin can prevent platelet adhesion and aggregation, thus preventing platelet disintegration and releasing platelet factor 3 and serotonin. The anticoagulant effect of heparin is related to the sulfate with strong negative charge in the molecule. When the sulfuric acid group is hydrolyzed or neutralized by protamine with strong positive charge, its anticoagulation activity is lost immediately.

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