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TAURINE 107-35-7 TAURINE
Taurine Basic information |
Product Name: | Taurine |
Synonyms: | TAURINE;2-amino-ethanesulfonicaci;2-sulfoethylamine;Aminoethanesulfonic acid;TURIN;2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 99.3+%;TATU;TAURINE extrapure CHR |
CAS: | 107-35-7 |
MF: | C2H7NO3S |
MW: | 125.15 |
EINECS: | 203-483-8 |
Product Categories: | Inhibitors;food additive;Food & Feed ADDITIVES;pharmacetical;BETALIN-S;amino;Food and Feed Additive;Sulphur Derivatives;Natural Plant Extract;Nutritional fortification substances;Amino Acids;GABA/Glycine receptor;VX:15689727968 |
Mol File: | 107-35-7.mol |
Taurine Chemical Properties |
Melting point | >300 °C (lit.) |
density | 1.00 g/mL at 20 °C |
FEMA | 3813 | TAURINE |
refractive index | 1.5130 (estimate) |
storage temp. | 2-8°C |
solubility | H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless |
pka | 1.5(at 25℃) |
form | Crystals or Crystalline Powder |
color | White |
PH | 4.5-6.0 (25℃, 0.5M in H2O) |
Water Solubility | 5-10 g/100 mL at 23.5 ºC |
λmax | λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.006 λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.005 |
Merck | 14,9074 |
JECFA Number | 1435 |
BRN | 1751215 |
Stability: | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
InChIKey | XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS DataBase Reference | 107-35-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
NIST Chemistry Reference | 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid(107-35-7) |
EPA Substance Registry System | Taurine (107-35-7) |
Safety Information |
Hazard Codes | Xi |
Risk Statements | 36/37/38 |
Safety Statements | 26-36-24/25 |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | WX0175000 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29211980 |
Hazardous Substances Data | 107-35-7(Hazardous Substances Data) |
Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 5000 mg/kg |
MSDS Information |
Provider | Language |
---|---|
2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid | English |
SigmaAldrich | English |
ACROS | English |
ALFA | English |
Taurine Usage And Synthesis |
Description | Taruine is an organic compounds that widely existing in animal tissues. It is a sulfur amino acid, but not being used for protein synthesis. It is rich in the brain, breasts, gallbladder and kidney. It is an essential amino acid in the pre-term and newborn infants of human. It has various kinds of physiological functions including being as a neurotransmitter in the brain, conjugation of bile acids, anti-oxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, modulation of calcium signaling, regulating the cardiovascular function as well as the development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. It can be manufactured through the ammonolysis of isethionic acid or the reaction of aziridine with sulfurous acid. Because of its highly important physiological role, it can be supplied to energy drinks. It can also be used in cosmetics to maintain skin hydration, and used in some contact lens solution. |
History | As the conditionally essential amino acid of the human body, it is a kind of β- sulphamic acid. In mammalian tissues, it is a metabolite of methionine and cystine. It was first isolated from ox bile in 1827, hence the name taurine. It commonly exists in the form of free amino acids in various tissues of animals, but not goes into proteins without combination. Taurine is rarely found in plants. Early on, people had considered it a bile acid binding agent of taurocholic combined with cholic acid. However, recent studies have shown that taurine has many important biological functions apart from the above mentioned forming taurocholic acid and participating in the digestion and absorption of lipids.It is important nutrients for normal development and function of cranial nerve to play the role in adjusting a variety of nerve cells of the central nervous system; taurine in retina accounts for 40% to 50% of total free amino acid, which is necessary for maintaining the structure and function of photoreceptor cells; affecting the myocardial contracts dint, regulating calcium metabolism, controlling arrhythmia, lowering blood pressure, etc; maintaining cellular antioxidant activity to protect the tissues from damaging free radicals; decreasing platelet aggregation and so on. As the metabolites containing sulphur amino acids, mammals have different abilities to synthesize taurine: The synthetic ability of rats and dogs is stronger, the synthetic ability of human and primate is lower, while that of kits and human infants is very low. Taurine in the infant mainly comes from the diet, so it is recommended to supplement the taurine in the baby's diet. Foods with a higher content of taurine include conch, clam, mussel, oyster, squid and other shellfish food, which chould be up to 500 ~ 900mg/100g in the table part; the content in fish is comparably different; the content in poultry and offal is also rich; the content in human milk is higher than cow milk; taurine is not found in eggs and vegetable food. |
Medicinal effect |
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Preparation |
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References | # # |
Description | Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid with simple structure in animals. Its chemical name is 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. Its molecular formula is C2H7NO3S and its molecular weight is 125.15. It is odorless and slightly sour. Its dilute solution is neutral and stable to heat. It combines with cholic acid in human and animal bile and exists in the form of binding; In brain, ovary, heart, liver, milk, pineal gland, pituitary, retina, adrenal gland and other tissues, it exists in free form, with a total amount of 12-18g, but does not participate in protein synthesis. Taurine is a conditionally essential amino acid for human body and plays an important role in the development of fetal and infant nervous system. Taurine can be widely used in medicine, food additives, fluorescent brighteners, organic synthesis and other fields. It can also be used as biochemical reagent, wetting agent, pH buffer and so on. |
Chemical Properties | Taurine is a naturally occurring amino acid with a bitter taste and sharp flavor. It is a nonessential amino acid by definition because the body can synthesize it from methionine and cysteine. |
Chemical Properties | White crystalline powder |
Occurrence | Reported found in beef, black beans, chicken, chick peas, clams, cod, fish, lamb, milk, octopus, oysters, pistachios, pork, scallops, shrimp and other natural sources. |
Uses | Taurine is an organic acid found in animal tissues and is a major constituent of bile. Taurine has many biological roles such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization and modulation of calcium signaling. |
Uses | vitamin B1, enzyme cofactor |
Uses | Taurine is an organic acid found in animal tissues and is a major constituent of bile. Taurine has many biological roles such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stab ilization and modulation of calcium signaling. |
Definition | ChEBI: An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral suppleme t in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension. |
Biosynthesis | In addition to the intake of taurine directly from the diet, the animal body can also biosynthesis in the liver. The intermediate product of methionine and cysteine metabolism, cysteine, is decarboxylated to taurine by cysteine decarboxylase (CSAD), and then oxidized to taurine. CSAD is considered to be the rate limiting enzyme of taurine biosynthesis in mammals, and compared with other mammals, the activity of human CSAD is lower, which may be due to the low taurine synthesis ability in human body. Taurine can participate in the formation of taurocholic acid and hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid after decomposition in vivo. The amount of taurine required depends on cholic acid binding capacity and muscle content. |
General Description | Large white crystals or white powder. |
Air & Water Reactions | Water soluble. |
Reactivity Profile | Taurine is an amino acid found in combination with bile acids [Hawley]. |
Hazard | Toxic by ingestion. |
Health Hazard | ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: Taurine evolves highly toxic fumes when heated to decomposition, and may cause irritation on contact. |
Fire Hazard | Flash point data are not available for Taurine, but Taurine is probably combustible. |
Biological Activity | One of the most abundant free amino acids in the brain. A partial agonist at the inhibitory glycine receptor. |
Biochem/physiol Actions | Non-selective endogenous agonist at glycine receptors. Conditionally essential sulfonated amino acid which modulates apoptosis in some cells; functions in many metabolic activities; a product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. |
Pharmacology | Taurine is an organic osmotic regulator. It not only participates in the regulation of cell volume, but also provides the basis for the formation of bile salts. It also plays an important role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Although taurine is a special amino acid not included in proteins, taurine is the most abundant amino acid in brain, retina and muscle tissue. Taurine is widely used, such as in the function of central nervous system, cell protection, cardiomyopathy, renal insufficiency, abnormal development of renal function and retinal nerve injury. Almost all eye tissues contain taurine. The quantitative analysis of rat eye tissue extract showed that taurine was the most abundant amino acid in retina, vitreous, lens, cornea, iris and ciliary body. Many studies have found that taurine is an active substance that regulates the normal physiological activities of the body. It has the functions of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, maintaining the osmotic pressure balance of the body, maintaining normal visual function, regulating the calcium balance of cells, reducing blood sugar, regulating nerve conduction, participating in endocrine activities, regulating lipid digestion and absorption, increasing the contractility of the heart, improving the immune capacity of the body, and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cell membrane Protect a wide range of biological functions such as cardiomyocytes. |
Safety Profile | Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx. |
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Taurine has proven beneficial in preventing retinal degeneration and the prevention and treatment of taurine-deficiency dilated cardiomyopathy in cats. Although modern commercial feline diets have added taurine, some cats still develop taurine-deficiency associated dilated cardiomyopathy. It may also be of benefit in taurine (±carnitine) deficient cardiomyopathy in American Cocker Spaniels and certain other breeds such as, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, Newfoundlands, Dalmations, Portuguese Water Dogs, and English Bulldogs. Preliminary studies have shown evidence that it may be useful as adjunctive treatment for cardiac disease in animals even if taurine deficiency is not present. Because of its low toxicity, some have suggested it be tried for a multitude of conditions in humans and animals; unfortunately, little scientific evidence exists for these uses. |
Taurine Preparation Products And Raw materials |
Raw materials | Ethanol-->Sulfuric acid-->Sodium sulfate-->Sodium sulfite-->Sodium bisulfite-->Sodium hypochlorite-->Ethanolamine-->Acrylamide-->SULFATE STANDARD-->Sulfurous Acid-->Propionamide-->CHLOROPICRIN & ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE-->2-AMINOETHYL HYDROGEN SULFATE-->2-Chloroethylamine hydrochloride-->Sodium 2-bromoethanesulphonate-->Ethylsulphuric acid-->TAURINE SODIUM |
Preparation Products | 3-Aminobenzylmethylamine-->Cholic acid |
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