China Largest Manufacturer factory sales Germanium Oxide CAS 1310-53-8

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Germanium oxide Basic information Uses Preparation Reactions Product Name: Germanium oxide Synonyms: GeO2;Germania;Germanic acid;Germanic oxide (crystalline);germanicacid;Germanium(IV)oxide,elec.gr.(99.9999%-Ge)PURATREM;germanium(iv) oxide, puratronic;Germaniumdioxid CAS: 1310-53-8 MF: GeO2 MW: 104.64 EINECS: 215-180-8 Product Categories: metal oxide;Chemical Mol File: 1310-53-8.mol   Germanium oxide Chemical Properties Melting point  >400 °C(lit.) density  6.239 g/mL at 25 °C refractive index  1.99 storage temp.  no restrictions. solubility  ethylene glycol: soluble form  Powder/Flake/Crystalline/Beads/Lump, Etc. color  White Specific Gravity 6.239 Water Solubility  0.4 g/100 mL Merck  14,4409 Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) pKsp: 57 InChIKey YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CAS DataBase Reference 1310-53-8(CAS DataBase Reference) NIST Chemistry Reference Germanium dioxide(1310-53-8) EPA Substance Registry System Germanium oxide (GeO2) (1310-53-8)   Safety Information Hazard Codes  Xn Risk Statements  22 Safety Statements  22-24/25 WGK Germany  1 RTECS  LY5240000 TSCA  Yes HS Code  2825 60 00 Hazardous Substances Data 1310-53-8(Hazardous Substances Data) Toxicity LD50 i.p. in rats: 750 mg/kg, Rosenfeld, Wallace, Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 8, 466 (1953) MSDS Information Provider Language ACROS English SigmaAldrich English ALFA English   Germanium oxide Usage And Synthesis Uses Germanium oxide has high refractive index and infrared transmission, for which it is used in industrial glasses. It also is used in preparation of high purity grade germanium. Preparation Germanium dioxide is prepared by heating germanium with oxygen at elevated temperatures, or by hydrolysis of germanium(IV) halides: GeCl4 + 2H2O → GeO2 + 4HCl It also is prepared by oxidation of germanium(II) sulfide: GeS + 2O2 GeO2 + SO2 The product obtained in the above reactions is in the form of hexagonal modification of GeO2. Reactions Germanium dioxide is reduced to germanium metal when heated with hydrogen at 1,000°C: GeO2 + 2H2 → Ge + 2H2O When heated with germanium, the dioxide is reduced to monoxide, GeO: GeO2 + Ge 2GeO Treatment with hydrochloric acid yields germanium(IV) chloride: GeO2 + 4HCl → GeCl4 + 2H2O In a strongly acidic solution, its reaction with hydrogen sulfide yields an amorphous modification of germanium(IV) sulfide, GeS2. Melting a mixture of germanium dioxide and metal oxides produces orthoand metagermanates of the corresponding metals. Aqueous solutions of germanate react with molybdic and tungstic acids forming heteropoly acids of varying compositions. Description Germanium dioxide is the oxide of germanium, an inorganic compound, featuring the chemical formula GeO2. It is formed as a passivation layer on pure germanium after exposure to oxygen. Germanium dioxide generally has a low toxicity, but shows severe nephrotoxicity at higher doses. Germanium dioxide is still offered on the market in some questionable miracle therapies. Exposure to high doses of germanium dioxide can lead to germanium poisoning. Chemical Properties White powder, hexagonal, tetragonal, and amorphous. Physical properties Germanium dioxide ccurs in two crystalline and one amorphous modifications: (1) a tetragonal rutile form, refractive index 2.05, density 6.24 g/cm3 at 20°C. (2) white hexagonal quartz modification, refractive index 1.735, density 4.70 g/cm3 at 18°C, and (3) a glassy amorphous form, refractive index 1.607, density 3.64 g/cm3 at 20°C. The tetragonal form is practically insoluble in water, while the hexagonal and the amorphous modifications have low solubilities; 0.45 and 0.52% respectively, at 25°C. Aqueous solutions are acidic due to formation of metagermanic acid, H2GeO3. Hexagonal modification converts to a tetragonal crystal system when heated at 350°C in water under pressure. Both crystalline forms convert to a glass-like amorphous GeO2 when heated at 1,100°C. Uses Germanium dioxide is used as an optical material for wide-angle lenses and in optical microscope objective lenses. It is used as a catalyst in the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate resin. Further, it is used as a feedstock for the manufacturing of phosphors and semiconductor materials. It is also used in transistors and diodes, and infrared transmitting glass. Uses When Germanium dioxide is 99.999% pure, it is used as a semiconductor in transistors, in diodes, and to make special infrared transmitting glass. Uses Germanium oxide can be used in Phosphors, transistors and diodes, infraredtransmitting glass. Safety Profile Poison by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Purification Methods The oxide (GeO2) is usually prepared by hydrolysing redistilled GeCl4 and igniting it in order to remove H2O and chloride. It can be further purified by dissolving in hot H2O (solubility is 4g/L cold) evaporating and drying the residual crystalline solid. When the soluble form (which is produced in H2O at 355o) is heated for 100hours, it is converted to the insoluble form. This form is stable at temperatures up to 1033o, and fusion at 1080o for 4hours causes complete de-vitrification and it reverts to the soluble form. [Müller & Blank J Am Chem Soc 46 2358 1924, Dennis & Laubengayer J Am Chem Soc 47 1945 1925, Laubengayer & Morton J Am Chem Soc 54 2303 1932, Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 706 1963.]   Germanium oxide Preparation Products And Raw materials Raw materials GERMANIUM(IV) CHLORIDE Preparation Products GERMANIUM(IV) CHLORIDE

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Leader Biochemical Group is a large leader incorporated industry manufacturers and suppliers of advanced refined raw materials From the year of 1996 when our factory was put into production to year of 2020, our group has successively invested in more than 52 factories with shares and subordinates.We focus on manufacture Pharm & chemicals, functional active ingredients, nutritional Ingredients, health care products, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and refined feed, oil, natural plant ingredients industries to provide top quality of GMP standards products.All the invested factories' product lines cover API and intermediates, vitamins, amino acids, plant extracts, daily chemical products, cosmetics raw materials, nutrition and health care products, food additives, feed additives, essential oil products, fine chemical products and agricultural chemical raw materials And flavors and fragrances. Especially in the field of vitamins, amino acids, pharmaceutical raw materials and cosmetic raw materials, we have more than 20 years of production and sales experience. All products meet the requirements of high international export standards and have been recognized by customers all over the world. Our manufacture basement & R&D center located in National Aerospace Economic & Technical Development Zone Xi`an Shaanxi China. Now not only relying on self-cultivation and development as well as maintains good cooperative relations with many famous research institutes and universities in China. Now, we have closely cooperation with Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing Institute of Material Medical of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Zhejiang University. Closely cooperation with them not only integrating Science and technology resources, but also increasing the R&D speed and improving our R&D power. Offering Powerful Tech supporting Platform for group development. Keep serve the manufacture and the market as the R&D central task, focus on the technical research.  Now there are 3 technology R & D platforms including biological extract, microorganism fermentation and chemical synthesis, and can independently research and develop kinds of difficult APIs and pharmaceutical intermediates. With the strong support of China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (hereinafter short for CSIPI), earlier known as Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry (SIPI), we have unique advantages in the R & D and industrialization of high-grade, precision and advanced products.  Now our Group technical force is abundant, existing staff more that 1000 people, senior professional and technical staff accounted for more than 50% of the total number of employees, including 15 PhD research and development personnel, 5 master′ S degree in technical and management personnel 9 people. We have advanced equipment like fermentation equipment and technology also extraction, isolation, purification, synthesis with rich production experience and strict quality control system, According to the GMP required, quickly transforming the R&D results to industrial production in time, it is our advantages and our products are exported to North and South America, Europe, Middle East, Africa, and other five continents and scale the forefront in the nation, won good international reputation.  We believe only good quality can bring good cooperation, quality is our key spirit during our production, we are warmly welcome clients and partner from all over the world contact us for everlasting cooperation, Leader will be your strong, sincere and reliable partner in China.

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