4,4'-DIFLUOROBENZIL 579-39-5

Details:

Product introduction:

Molar Mass	234.081
Density	1.439±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Melting Point	175°
Boling Point	356.2±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Flash Point	169.2°C
Vapor Presure	1.45E-05mmHg at 25°C
pKa	9.95±0.15(Predicted)
Refractive Index	1.615
In vivo study	Diloxanide is hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract from its prodrug Diloxanide furoate.Diloxanide furoate (oral administraion; 75-200 mg/kg; 3 days; once daily) is effective at different dose of dayin weanling rats. At 200 mg/kg, 100% of the treated rats are cured and no amoebic lesions are observed in the caecum. Besides, 85%,77%, and 44.4% of the treated rats are cured at the dose 150 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 75 mg/kg, respectively. The ED50 value is 77.9 mg/kg for this agent in rats.

diloxanide Usage And Synthesis

Pharmacology and mechanism of action	Diloxanide is a dichloroacetanilide derivative that was introduced in 1956. It is amoebicidal in vivo and in vitro. It is highly effective in asymptomatic patients passing cyst forms. Sufficient data are not available on its efficacy when used alone in acute amoebiasis[1]. The mechanism of action of diloxanide is unknown. Like the structurally related chloramphenicol, diloxanide has been suggested to block the protein synthesis in the microorganism [2].
Indications	Diloxanide is the drug of choice in the treatment of asymptomatic passers of cysts of Entamoeba histolytica in non-endemic countries. It is also given after metronidazole treatment to eradicate residual amoeba in the intestine.
Side effects	Diloxanide is usually well tolerated even at high doses. In one study [3], excessive flatulence was the only significant side effect recorded in 87% of the patients, but was also a common complaint among the patients (31%) even before treatment. Other minor side effects included anorexia (3%), nausea (6%), diarrhoea (2%), and abdominal cramps (2%). Flatulence as a frequent side effect of diloxanide has also been reported in a large retrospective study covering more than 4000 patients who used the drug during 1977 until 1990 in the United States[4]. Other less frequent side effects reported in the survey included headache, lethargy, dizziness, diplopia, and paraesthesia. The percentage of persons reporting adverse effects varied significantly by racial group. The existence of racial differences in the metabolism of diloxanide is unknown.
Contraindications and precautions	There are no known contraindications to the drug.
Interactions	There have been no reports.
Preparations	Available as diloxanide furoate. • Furamide® (Boots) Tablets 500 mg.
References	1. Krogstad DJ, Spencer HC Jr, Healy GR (1978). Amoebiasis. N Engl J Med, 298, 262–265. 2. Knight R (1980). The chemotherapy of amoebiasis. J Antimicrob Chemother, 6, 557–593. 3. Wolfe MS (1973). Non-dysenteric intestinal amoebiasis: Treatment with diloxanide furoate. J Am Med Ass, 224, 1601–1604. 4. McAuley JB, Herwaldt BL, Stokes SL, Becher JA, Roberts JM, Michelson MK, Juranek DD (1992). Diloxanide furoate for treating asymptomatic Entamoeba histolytica cyst passers: 14 years’ experience in the United States. Clin Infect Dis, 15, 464–468.
Uses	Diloxanide is used for the treatment of amoebiasis which is an infection of the diegestive tract caused by amoebas of the entamoeba group.
Uses	Diloxanide is also active against cysts and trophozoites localized in the lumen of the intestine, and it is used for treating the carrier E. histolytica, as well as for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amebiasis. In the transition stage to trophozoites, the drug is less active than iodoquinol. A synonym of this drug is furamide.
Antimicrobial activity	Diloxanide inhibits E. histolytica with unusually high specificity at concentrations of 0.01–0.1 mg/L.
Acquired resistance	No resistance has been reported. Patients with dysentery have lower cure rates than cyst excreters.
Pharmaceutical Applications	Dichloro(hydroxyphenyl)methylacetamide. Available as an insoluble ester, the furoate, for oral administration.
Pharmacokinetics	Human pharmacokinetic data are limited. Animal data show that diloxanide furoate is rapidly absorbed from the intestine. The furoate is hydrolyzed in the gut, leaving high intraluminal concentrations of free diloxanide. About 75% is excreted via the kidney within 48 h, mostly as a glucuronide.
Clinical Use	Furamide, or eutamide, is the 2-furoate ester of 2,2-dichloro-4 -hydroxy-N-methylacetanilide. It was developed as a resultof the discovery that various α,α-dichloroacetamidespossessed amebicidal activity in vitro. Diloxanide itself andmany of its esters are also active, and drug metabolism studiesindicate that hydrolysis of the amide is required for theamebicidal effect. Nonpolar esters of diloxanide are morepotent than polar ones. Diloxanide furoate has been used inthe treatment of asymptomatic carriers of E. histolytica. Itseffectiveness against acute intestinal amebiasis or hepaticabscesses, however, has not been established. Diloxanidefuroate is a white crystalline powder. It is administered orallyonly as 500-mg tablets and may be obtained in the UnitedStates from the CDC in Atlanta, Georgia.
Clinical Use	Asymptomatic intestinal infection with E. histolytica It is also used in invasive amebiasis in conjunction with nitroimidazoles in order to eradicate luminal cysts.
Side effects	It is well tolerated, but flatulence is common, and nausea and vomiting may occur.
Synthesis	Diloxanide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-furoyloxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (37.2.4), is made by acylating 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide (37.2.3) with -2-furoyl chloride. The 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetiamide (37.2.3) is made by N-acylating 4-hydroxy-N-methylaniline with either dichloroacetyl chloride, or by an extremely original method of using chloral cyanohydrin.

 

Our company specializes in processing and selling chemical raw materials, chemical products, pharmaceutical intermediates, veterinary medicine intermediates, dye intermediates, pigments, cosmetics raw materials and chemical reagents,  

Our company has a number of sales team, service and information feedback vertical integration of a sound marketing network, products are sold throughout the country and exported to South Asia, Europe, America, Africa and other more than 20 countries and regions.  

Companies adhering to the "pursuit of quality, innovation and development" business philosophy, to serve as a foundation, for the survival by the quality, seek development by science and technology, adhere to quilty comes first,fair price,good sense of customer service and responsibility. in the future hebei Nengqian import and export trade Co.,Ltd will always hold "integrity, innovation" business philosophy, to achieve honesty management, on the way of specialization, internationalization,  Keep moving!  

 

 

 

 

 

Our advantages: 

1, High quality with competitive price:

1) Standard:BP/USP/EP/Enterprise standard

2) All Purity≥99%

3) We are manufacturer and can provide high quality products with factory price.

 2, Fast and safe delivery

1) Parcel can be sent out in 24 hours after payment.Tracking number available

2) Secure and discreet shipment.Various transportation methods for your choice.

3) Customs pass rate ≥99%

4) We have our own agent/remailer/distributor who can help us ship our products very fast and safe,

and we have stock in there for transferring.

Product Packaging：

1) 1kg/bag (1kg net weight, 1.1kg gross weight, packed in an aluminum foil bag)

2) 25kg/drum (25kg net weight, 28kg gross weight; Packed in a cardboard-drum with two plastic-bags inside; Drum Size: 510mm high, 360mm diameter)

 Storage：

Stored in a cool and dry well-closed container. Keep away from moisture and strong light/heat.

Delivery：

Usually within3-5 working days after full payment.

transport：

EMS,DHL, TNT, UPS ,FEDEX, BY AIR, BY SEA

DHL Express, FedEx and EMS for quantity less than 50KG, usually called as DDU service; 

Sea shipping for quantity over 500KG; And air shipping is available for 50KG above;

For high value products, please select air shipping and DHL express for safe;

Our Service:
1. Fast Delivery: We can delivery within 24 hours upon receipt of your payment.
2. Quality can be promised. Hot sell to Worldwide.
3. Payment Terms: T/T,, t/t
4. Free Sample available at any time.
5. Tracking your order at any time. Inform your order's further new situation at any time.
6. Package: Professional packing with professional materials.

FAQ: 
1.Are you a trade company or factory   
We are a  factory with our own trading company.  

2.How do you control the quality   
Our factory is equipped with professional technicians to control quality, out inspectors take sample for testing every 2 hours to ensure the quality of our production. We also accept BV, SGS or any other Third-party inspection.   

3.How long is lead time   
We deliver goods within 3 days for small order, 7-10 days for bulk order.   

4. Where is your factory located  How can I visit the factory   
 Our factory located in HEBEI, China.

5.Can i get some samples  
  Yes, we can supply free sample, but the shipping cost be paid by our customers. 

6.How to start orders or make payments  
  Proforma invoice will be sent first after confirmation of order, enclosed our bank information.Payment by T/T,  

7. How to confirm the Product Quality before placing orders  
  You can get free samples for some products,you only need to pay the shipping cost or arrange a courier to us and take the samples. 
8. How long is lead time

We deliver goods within 3 days for small order, 7-10 days for bulk order.

 

9. How do you treat quality complaint

  First of all, our quality control will reduce the quality problem to near zero. If there is a realquality problem caused by us, we will send you free goods for replacement or refund your loss.