Add time:07/26/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

One of the challenges facing additive manufacturing is the current lack of control over the microstructure that forms during the process. Typically, the rapid cooling rates and steep thermal gradients in the melt pool encourages epitaxial columnar grain growth. In this paper the effectiveness of scandium and TiBor® grain refiners in controlling the microstructure during laser melting of aluminium alloys (Al-7Si and 6061) is investigated. Electron Backscatter Diffraction maps show that the addition of both scandium and TiBor® grain refiners were successful in controlling the microstructure of the melt pools for both alloys. The scandium additions resulted in a mixture of fine equiaxed grains and fine-to-moderately sized columnar grains, whereas TiBor® additions resulted in fine homogenous and evenly distributed equiaxed grains. Despite the very high cooling rates the grain refinement principles for laser melting are the same as classical solidification. The results from this study can be used as a basis for further studies on developing customised alloys for Selective Laser Melting (SLM).

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