Add time:07/28/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Reliable and effective water disinfectants are of paramount importance to address mounting health concerns in drinking water. Herein, Vanadium Tetrasulfide (VS4) nanocomposites supported by different carbon materials, including VS4/CP (carbon powder), VS4/rGO (reduced graphene oxides), VS4/CF (carbon fiber), and VS4/CNT (carbon nanotube), were synthesized, comprehensively characterized, and investigated as photocatalytic disinfectants. Among them, the cost-effective and lattice-structure VS4/CP exhibited the best disinfection performance for removing E. coli (Gram-negative) under both simulated visible light and sunlight, with a maximum inactivation rate of 9.7 log at 0.1 g L−1 in 30 min. However, it was not very effective to eliminate S. aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) with a disinfection rate of 1.7 log inactivation in 30 min. Consistent disinfection performance was confirmed with four successive stability tests and over a wide range of E. coli density (6 log to 9 log CFU ml−1). The potential disinfection mechanism was studied on a subcellular level, indicating that membrane damage (via mineralization, lipid peroxidation and collapsed membrane potential) and penetration-induced intracellular damage including DNA degradation and decreased ATP level could be the main inactivation principles. Further photochemical investigation suggested that O2−, h+ and e− were crucial active species, and an acidic/neutral environment would favor the photocatalytic disinfection. These results have demonstrated effectiveness and potential applications of the developed VS4/CP nanocomposites in water disinfection.

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