Add time:08/01/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses metabolic labeling of viral membrane lipids by fluorescent fatty acids. Enveloped virions introduce their nucleocapsid into eukaryotic host cells by two different routes, both of which are fusion-dependent. The fusion is mediated by envelope viral proteins, although the two routes differ in their target membrane within the host cell. In most systems, the virions are introduced into cellular endosomes by receptor-mediated endocytosis. The other fusion pathway, for which paramyxoviruses are the main representatives, is characterized by receptor-mediated binding of the virions to the host cell plasma membrane and direct fusion between the virions and the host cell plasma membrane. The intermixing of contents and of membrane components serves as the basis of most fusion assays, particularly quantitative ones. Two general approaches are used to measure mixing of virion membrane components with those of its target membrane—namely, (1) mixing of probes assays and (2) dilution of probes assays.

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