Add time:08/15/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter reviews the physical, chemical, and biological properties of insulin in the light of the atomic arrangement found in insulin crystals. It also describes the relation of the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms in the molecule of 2-zinc insulin crystal to the solution properties of insulin (particularly its states of aggregation), to the chemical reaction and chemical modification of the molecule, and to its primary biological activity. Normally the insulin crystals contain two zinc ions to every six molecules of insulin—a hexamer. The slow solution of the crystals provides a method of delaying the action of insulin that closely parallels the methods adopted in the pancreas itself for the storage and release of insulin. Within many β granules, grains can be seen that almost certainly contain zinc insulin hexamers packed in a crystalline array, and in experimental animals diabetes has been induced by chelating agents, such as EDTA, perhaps simply by interfering with normal insulin storage. It, therefore, seems plausible that ready crystallization of insulin in the presence of zinc is a reflection of the storage processes in the β cell.

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