Add time:08/21/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter reviews the evidence for localized hydrolysis of adenine nucleotides at the synaptic level. A possibility to explain all the data is that at the synaptic level there is an enzyme able to catabolise β,γ-methylene ATP, but the restricted localization of this enzyme does not allow the detection of catabolism in the whole preparation. Thus, local catabolism of the nucleotide may produce sufficient amounts of adenosine in the vicinity of the adenosine receptor, adenosine being quickly taken up, and neither the produced adenosine levels are high enough to be detected in the bath nor the amounts of the nucleotide decrease sufficiently to detect a change in the bath. The conclusion that the inhibitory effects of adenine nucleotides are mediated by hydrolysis to adenosine and the subsequent activation of A1 adenosine receptors does not necessarily preclude the existence and activation of P2 receptors at the neuromuscular junction. ATP enhances the spontaneous release of acetylcholine from developing neuromuscular synapses, an action probably mediated by P2 receptor activation.

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