Add time:08/22/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

High catalytic activities (TOF = 3000 h−1) have been achieved by novel water-soluble ruthenium catalysts modified with nitrogen-containing ligands such as the bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid disodium salt (BPhDS) in the hydrogenation reaction of the renewable polar platform chemical levulinic acid (LA) which possesses a central relevance in the development of biorefineries of the future in a sustainable way to produce with essentially quantitative selectivity of 99.9 mol% γ-valerolactone (GVL) in aqueous media. The apparent activation energy of the Ru/BPhDS catalyst was calculated and amounts a relative low value of 53.3 kJ/mol when one considers that in the LA hydrogenation reaction this catalyst reduces a less reactive keto group into alcohol functionality. A recycling experiment of the Ru/BPhDS catalyst by extraction after addition of diethyl ether has shown that the catalyst is stable without loss of activity and selectivity in a consecutive run.

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