Add time:08/27/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter discusses the decomposition of azides. The inorganic azides constitute a particularly well-defined group of relatively simple ionic reactants and the optical properties of many metal azides permit the determination of the band structures of the solids. From these, the energy requirements for the generation of various types of defects can be estimated, and quantitative consideration can be given to the roles of these identified defects in formulating decomposition mechanisms. Azides can be chemically classified as stable ionic azides, heavy-metal azides, and unstable covalent azides. This classification is based on the percentage ionic character of the metal-azide bond. The relatively stable azides of the strongly electropositive metals undergo controlled— that is, non-explosive or slow, decomposition. For this reason, sodium and barium azides are probably the most completely studied salts in the azide group. Their decompositions are characterized by relatively large apparent activation energies and well-defined induction periods to onset of reaction. The behavior of the heavy-metal azides on heating is less predictable, some being extremely unstable and of value as primary explosives. However, all solid inorganic azides can be thermally decomposed at controllable and measurable rates. Azides that detonate under well-defined conditions have become model systems for the development of theories of fast reactions in solids.

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