Add time:08/22/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Lipids are key components of biosystems. Their use is also widespread in industry, consumer products, personal care, and in the food and pharmaceutical industries. We find natural waxes such as carnauba wax in car polishes, in lipsticks and eyeliners, as waterproof for leather products, as release and anticaking agents in baked and processed food, and as tablet-coating agents in the pharmaceutical industry. Soybean oil is one of the world’s most widely used edible oils. It is frequently found in margarine and shortenings, mayonnaise, salad dressings, and frozen foods. Nutritionists and chefs alike consider olive oil as essential to the Mediterranean diet as the sun is to the Mediterranean seascape. Sweet almond oil is used as a carrier oil for aromatherapy, as an emollient in skin care and massage therapy, and as a moisturizer for superfatting of soaps. Soy lecithin provides good pigment wetting, and has been well known as a dispersant and antisettling agent for inorganic pigments in alkyd paints. Fatty acids and fatty alcohols provide the basis for biodegradable surfactants and emulsifiers in detergents, cosmetics, agrochemicals, and industrial applications such as paints, adhesives, and inks. Fatty acid esters are used as green solvents, plasticizers, lubricants, and coalescents. However, certain lipids, particularly vegetable oils, are also wonderful renewable raw materials for polymers. Autoxidation and polymer film formation of drying oils were, chemically speaking, at the origin of medieval oil paintings. Epoxidation, epoxy ring opening, ene reaction, hydroformylation, carboxylation, ozonolysis, dimerization, and metathesis are some of the reaction mechanisms generating building blocks for polymers that are useful as coatings, adhesives, inks, plastics, and composites. The increasing importance of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as a biofuel has turned glycerin from a specialty to a commodity, opening new opportunities for low-molecular-weight starters for polymers.

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