Add time:08/25/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThis chapter reviews the physical and inorganic chemistry of the phthalocyanines. It focuses on nuclear unsubstituted derivatives, except where mention of a substituted derivative is pertinent to the discussion. Phthalocyanine contained a ring system of four isoindole units linked by aza nitrogen atoms. It is, therefore, closely related to the naturally occurring porphyrins, but having aza rather than methine corner links. The phthalocyanines often exist in two or more polymorphic modifications, which may be distinguished by infrared and X-ray diffraction techniques. The chapter discusses the phthalocyanine complexes of the non-transition elements and phthalocyanine complexes of the transition elements. The parent ligand may be prepared by acid demetallation of the so-called labile metal phthalocyanines. The chapter tabulates the available electronic absorption data for the phthalocyanines, the spectra of some phthalocyanines in the solid state, and illustrates the spectra of metal-free phthalocyanine and of the zinc derivative. In view of the large size and complexity of the phthalocyanine ligand, it is perhaps not surprising that no attempt has been made to assign in detail the infrared spectra of phthalocyanine and its metal derivatives.

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