Add time:08/28/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Seven anthraquinones were isolated from aerial parts of Heterophyllaea lycioides (Rusby) Sandwith (Rubiaceae), including three derivatives that have not been described before: a hetero-bianthraquinone identified as (R)-2-hydroxymethyl-2′methyl-1,1′,6,6′-tetrahydroxy-5,5′ bianthraquinone (lycionine), and two mono-chlorinated derivatives related to soranjidiol. One of them is a homo-bianthraquinone: (R)-7-chloro-2,2′-dimethyl-1,1′,6,6′-tetrahydroxy-5,5′ bianthraquinone (7-chlorobisoranjidiol), whereas the second halogenated derivative corresponds to a monomeric structure: 5-chloro-1,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl anthraquinone (5-chlorosoranjidiol). The four known compounds were already isolated from another species of this genus, H. pustulata, and they were identified as 5,5′-bisoranjidiol, soranjidiol, pustuline and heterophylline. Structural elucidation was performed by means of an extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR data as well as by HRMS analysis. Chemical structures of 7-chlorobisoranjidiol and 5-chlorosoranjidiol were confirmed by their synthesis from 5,5′-bisoranjidiol and soranjidiol, respectively. Type I photosensitizing properties (superoxide anion radical generation, O2−) were assessed by using the nitroblue tetrazolium assay. When lycionine and chlorinated derivatives were irradiated, they enhanced the O2− production with respect to the control; 7-chlorobisoranjidiol stood out by generating an increase of 20%, whereas the other anthraquinones only produced a slight increase of 7%.

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