Add time:08/25/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThe dihydroxyalkanecarboxylic acids have the general formula, CnH2nO4, where the first member of the series is HOCH2.CH(OH).CO2H, known as glyceric acid, α,β-dihydroxypropionic acid, or 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid. Methods similar to those used for the preparation of monohydroxy carboxylic acids may be used for the synthesis of dihydroxycarboxylic acids. Glyceric acid, obtained by the decomposition of its calcium salt with oxalic acid or its lead salt with hydrogen sulfide, is a syrup that can not be crystallized. It is insoluble in ether, but soluble in water, ethanol, or acetone. Mevalonic acid is a very important and useful intermediate in the study of many biosynthetic processes, and various isotopically-labeled mevalonic acids have been synthesized for use in this connection. Its typical reactions, methods of preparation, properties, and stereochemistry are also briefly described. Hydroxyoxocarboxylic acids are in general strongly reducing compounds, reacting with Fehling's solution and ammoniacal silver nitrate and giving blue or violet colors with ferric ions. Diketonic dioxocarboxylic acids, with adjacent oxo groups, with the oxo groups on alternate carbon atoms, and in which the acyl and carbonyl groups are separated by two or more carbon atoms are represented by individual examples and their corresponding typical reactions.

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