Add time:08/31/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

This paper assesses potential delayed-hydride cracking (DHC) of cladding materials in long-term storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). The potential stress development of cladding is evaluated based on time-dependent UO2 matrix swelling by alpha-decay irradiation effects, especially. Quantitative assessment of thermal swelling is used as a mathematical representation for the irradiation-induced swelling. The stress developed could be sufficient to cause DHC in very long-term storage and disposal of high burnup SNF. Hydride nucleation process is presented to explain time-dependent DHC process. Hydrogen super-saturation theories are also evaluated further. The hydrogen super-saturation comes from (i) crystalline hydride phase transformation, (ii) temperature decrease with time, and (iii) spatial thermal gradient. The nucleation, growth and fracture of hydride from hydrogen super-saturation at below 180 °C are considered to decrease the threshold stress intensity factor for DHC. Various relevant models for nucleation, growth and fracture of hydride, laboratory test data and reactor operation experience are discussed to check for self-consistency and DHC consequence.

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