Add time:08/26/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryThe term “cyanine” was originally applied to one compound but subsequently extended to a group of dyes. Generally, most useful cyanine dyes have a conjugated carbon chain linking two nitrogen atoms with odd numbers to form an extended conjugated system over the nitrogen and carbon atoms and the nitrogen atom and part of the conjugated carbon chain forming part of a heterocyclic system. The methine chain may lie at the ortho- or para-position of the two nitrogen atoms. The aromatic heterocycles Ar1 and Ar2 can be selected from quinoline, benzoquinoline, benzimidazole, pyridine, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, indole, or benzindole. Cyanine dye is usually called monomethine, trimethine, pentamethine, and heptamethine cyanine for n = 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Generally speaking, the maximum absorption wavelength is red shifted about 100 nm with the increase of two methine groups for every homogeneous cyanine. An unsymmetrical cyanine dye is a cyanine dye in which the ring structures joined by the methine bridge are not the same.

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