Add time:08/27/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Publisher SummaryPetroleum industry refines crude petroleum and processes natural gas into a multitude of products. It is also involved in the distribution and marketing of petroleum-derived products. The primary family of pollutants emitted from those activities is volatile organic compounds arising from leakage, venting, and the evaporation of raw materials and finished products. The air emissions comprise point, fugitive, and area sources. Other significant air emissions include sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide, particulate matter, and a wide range of toxic chemicals. The operations within a typical refinery also emit a variety of criteria pollutants and toxic chemicals from fuel combustion devices. Oil and gas field operations as well as gas processing plants are also significant sources of emissions. This chapter provides an overview of the most widely used technologies employed by the petroleum industry. Many of the descriptions of refinery process operations are taken from the US OSHA standards and US EPA's AP-42 for background purposes. An identification of any of the sources of pollution is given along with those descriptions. Historically, the industry sector has not acted responsibly toward environmental management. A problem with the sector is the lack of a systematic and transparent approach to the quantification and reporting of air emissions. The majority of air emissions from refinery operations are fugitive in nature. The literature that the authors have reviewed supports that, on the whole, the industry continues to rely on the application of published emission factors that are not statistically significant and calculation procedures that favor low estimations.

We also recommend Trading Suppliers and Manufacturers of Distillates (petroleum), catalytic reformer fractionator residue, low-boiling, sulfonated, sodium salts (cas 111163-74-7). Pls Click Website Link as below: cas 111163-74-7 suppliers