Add time:09/06/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

The curative antifungal activity of postharvest sodium ethylparaben (SEP) treatments against citrus green mold (GM) and blue mold (BM) was determined on different citrus species and cultivars artificially inoculated with Penicillium digitatum or Penicillium italicum and incubated at 20 °C and 90% RH for 7 d or stored at 5 °C and 90% RH for 8 weeks plus 7 d of shelf-life at 20 °C. The best concentration was selected in in vivo primary screenings with ‘Valencia’ oranges. SEP at 80 mM was tested at 20, 50 or 62 °C for 30, 60 or 150 s in small-scale trials to determine the best dip treatment conditions. Dips of 80 mM SEP at 20 °C for 60 s were selected and applied alone or in combination with 25 μL L−1 of the conventional fungicide imazalil (SEP + IMZ 25). Imazalil at the very low concentrations of 25 (IMZ 25) or 50 μL L−1 (IMZ 50) was also tested. Effectiveness of SEP alone at 20 °C for 60 s was significantly higher on oranges (cvs. ‘Valencia’ and ‘Lanelate’) than on mandarins (cvs. ‘Clemenules’, ‘Nadorcott’ and ‘Ortanique’), with GM and BM incidence reductions of up to 57–73% after 7 d at 20 °C. SEP was compatible with IMZ 25 and consistently improved its performance, irrespective of citrus cultivars and storage conditions. All treatments were less effective on ‘Clemenules’ mandarins. On ‘Valencia’ oranges stored for 8 weeks at 5 °C and 7 d at 20 °C, the combined treatment was significantly more effective than the single treatments (reductions of GM and BM incidence of about 96–93% and 55–39%, respectively). In additional tests, SEP, IMZ 25 and the combination applied at 20 °C for 60 s prevented GM on ‘Valencia’ oranges treated, inoculated with P. digitatum 24 h later and incubated at 20 °C for 7 d. It can be concluded from these results that SEP might be an integrating nonpollutant control alternative to be included in citrus postharvest disease control programs in the future.

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