Add time:08/30/2019         Source:sciencedirect.com

Three experiments that used a latent inhibition procedure to investigate the effects of Ceronapril (cas 111223-26-8) on attentional processes in the rat are reported. Latent inhibition is a behavioural paradigm in which prior exposure to a stimulus with no significant consequences retards subsequent conditioning to that stimulus when it is paired with reinforcement. Latent inhibition reflects a process of learning to ignore, or tune out, irrelevant stimuli, and has been suggested as an animal model of the attentional processes disrupted in the acute phase of schizophrenia. In animals, latent inhibition is disrupted by the administration of low doses of amphetamine and enhanced by the administration of neuroleptics. Ceronapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor that has been shown to retard the breakdown of central cholecystokinin. It has been proposed that elevation of cholecystokinin levels in the brain may possess neuroleptic-like properties. We assessed this possibility by determining the effects of ceronapril on latent inhibition using a conditioned emotional response procedure, consisting of three stages: pre-exposure, in which the to-be-conditioned stimulus, a tone, was repeatedly presented without reinforcement; conditioning, in which the pre-exposed stimulus was paired with shock; and test, where latent inhibition was indexed by animals' suppression of licking during tone presentation. In Experiment 1, 20 tone pre-exposures were given, and conditioning consisted of five tone-shock pairings; we assessed the effects of 0.005 mg/kg, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg ceronapril, compared with vehicle injections. In Experiment 2, five tone pre-exposures were given, and conditioning consisted of two tone-shock pairings: we assessed the effects of 0.05 mg/kg ceronapril, compared with vehicle injections. Both procedures have been shown to be insufficient to produce latent inhibition in normal animals, in the one case because there are enough conditioning trials to overcome the effects of pre-exposure, and, in the other, because there is insufficient pre-exposure to produce an effect. Accordingly, in the present experiments, latent inhibition was absent in vehicle controls, but, in marked contrast, animals treated with 0.05 mg/kg ceronapril exhibited latent inhibition. Experiment 3 used a procedure that yields latent inhibition in normal animals, consisting of 40 tone pre-exposures and two tone-shock pairings; we assessed the effects of 0.05 mg/kg ceronapril on latent inhibition as well as on the disruption of latent inhibition produced by 1 mg/kg amphetamine. Ceronapril (0.05 mg/kg) significantly enhanced latent inhibition with respect to vehicle controls. This enhancing effect was not seen in rats given 1 mg/kgd-amphetamine.Ceronapril thus produces effects on attentional learning that have hitherto been shown only with typical and atypical neuroleptics, and may therefore possess some antipsychotic properties.

We also recommend Trading Suppliers and Manufacturers of Ceronapril (cas 111223-26-8). Pls Click Website Link as below: cas 111223-26-8 suppliers